Effects of <i>Trichoderma</i> Biostimulation on the Phenolic Profile of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil and Olive Oil By-Products
Olive trees are grown on five continents. Fertilization of fields, pest control management, olive leaves, olive pomaces, and olive mill wastewaters have a substantial environmental impact. It is possible to reduce this problem by using organic products to cultivate and decrease olive oil processing...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/9/4/284 |
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| author | Irene Dini Giulia Graziani Francesca Luisa Fedele Andrea Sicari Francesco Vinale Luigi Castaldo Alberto Ritieni |
| author_facet | Irene Dini Giulia Graziani Francesca Luisa Fedele Andrea Sicari Francesco Vinale Luigi Castaldo Alberto Ritieni |
| author_sort | Irene Dini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Olive trees are grown on five continents. Fertilization of fields, pest control management, olive leaves, olive pomaces, and olive mill wastewaters have a substantial environmental impact. It is possible to reduce this problem by using organic products to cultivate and decrease olive oil processing waste by recovering the bioactive molecules. In this work, the effects of biostimulation, with beneficial microbes belonging to the <i>Trichoderma</i> genera, and with <i>Trichoderma</i> secondary metabolites (6PP and the HA) were evaluated on the phenolic profile and the antioxidant potential of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) and olive leaf samples to make them more commercially attractive as a source of phytochemicals useful for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Phenolics were identified and quantified by a spectrometer method using Q Exactive Orbitrap UHPLC-MS/MS (Ultra High Pressure Liquid Chromatography). Antioxidant activity was evaluated spectrophotometrically by the DPPH test. The use of <i>Trichoderma strains</i>, 6PP (6-Pentyl-α-Pyrone) and HA (Harzianic Acid), was demonstrated as an effective strategy to increase the leaves’ economic value as a source of phytochemicals (flavonoids, lignans, and oleuropein) useful for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:12:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d5ee42d2bb134b018f703610aeabcb8a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:12:13Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-d5ee42d2bb134b018f703610aeabcb8a2023-11-16T14:26:13ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212020-03-019428410.3390/antiox9040284Effects of <i>Trichoderma</i> Biostimulation on the Phenolic Profile of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil and Olive Oil By-ProductsIrene Dini0Giulia Graziani1Francesca Luisa Fedele2Andrea Sicari3Francesco Vinale4Luigi Castaldo5Alberto Ritieni6Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80141 Napoli, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80141 Napoli, ItalyLINFA SCARL. Via Zona Industriale Porto San Salvo, 89900 Vibo Valentia, ItalyLINFA SCARL. Via Zona Industriale Porto San Salvo, 89900 Vibo Valentia, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80141 Napoli, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80141 Napoli, ItalyOlive trees are grown on five continents. Fertilization of fields, pest control management, olive leaves, olive pomaces, and olive mill wastewaters have a substantial environmental impact. It is possible to reduce this problem by using organic products to cultivate and decrease olive oil processing waste by recovering the bioactive molecules. In this work, the effects of biostimulation, with beneficial microbes belonging to the <i>Trichoderma</i> genera, and with <i>Trichoderma</i> secondary metabolites (6PP and the HA) were evaluated on the phenolic profile and the antioxidant potential of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) and olive leaf samples to make them more commercially attractive as a source of phytochemicals useful for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Phenolics were identified and quantified by a spectrometer method using Q Exactive Orbitrap UHPLC-MS/MS (Ultra High Pressure Liquid Chromatography). Antioxidant activity was evaluated spectrophotometrically by the DPPH test. The use of <i>Trichoderma strains</i>, 6PP (6-Pentyl-α-Pyrone) and HA (Harzianic Acid), was demonstrated as an effective strategy to increase the leaves’ economic value as a source of phytochemicals (flavonoids, lignans, and oleuropein) useful for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/9/4/284<i>Trichoderma</i> spp.EVOOolive leavesharzianic acidphenolic identificationHRMS-Orbitrap |
| spellingShingle | Irene Dini Giulia Graziani Francesca Luisa Fedele Andrea Sicari Francesco Vinale Luigi Castaldo Alberto Ritieni Effects of <i>Trichoderma</i> Biostimulation on the Phenolic Profile of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil and Olive Oil By-Products Antioxidants <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. EVOO olive leaves harzianic acid phenolic identification HRMS-Orbitrap |
| title | Effects of <i>Trichoderma</i> Biostimulation on the Phenolic Profile of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil and Olive Oil By-Products |
| title_full | Effects of <i>Trichoderma</i> Biostimulation on the Phenolic Profile of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil and Olive Oil By-Products |
| title_fullStr | Effects of <i>Trichoderma</i> Biostimulation on the Phenolic Profile of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil and Olive Oil By-Products |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of <i>Trichoderma</i> Biostimulation on the Phenolic Profile of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil and Olive Oil By-Products |
| title_short | Effects of <i>Trichoderma</i> Biostimulation on the Phenolic Profile of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil and Olive Oil By-Products |
| title_sort | effects of i trichoderma i biostimulation on the phenolic profile of extra virgin olive oil and olive oil by products |
| topic | <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. EVOO olive leaves harzianic acid phenolic identification HRMS-Orbitrap |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/9/4/284 |
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