Substance P concentrations in the blood plasma and serum of adult cattle and calves during different painful procedures and conditions – a systematic review
Abstract Background Pain in cattle is a major welfare problem, as cattle mask their pain. Subjective and objective parameters to assess pain in cattle have been described. Among the objective parameters to evaluate pain in cattle is substance P (SP). SP is a neurotransmitter, which is involved in th...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2022-06-01
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| Series: | BMC Veterinary Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03304-6 |