Effects of Synthetic CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide K3 on Immune Response, Behavior, and Physiology in Male Layer Chicks (Gallus gallus)
Unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) motifs are often found in bacteria and viruses, but are rare in mammals. In mammals, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) stimulate the innate immune system via toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). However, TLR9 is absent in birds; instead, TLR21 serves as the re...
Main Authors: | , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Japan Poultry Science Association
2024-12-01
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Series: | The Journal of Poultry Science |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jpsa/61/0/61_2024025/_html/-char/en |