Hyperprogressive disease after radiotherapy combined with anti-PD-1 therapy in renal cell carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature

Abstract Background Studies have shown that immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have limited efficacy and can even increase tumour burden in short time periods. This is usually called hyperprogressive disease (HPD). To date, there are few reports regarding HPD; fewer have analysed the relationship b...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Chao Liu, Jingjing Piao, Zhiyang Shang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2021-03-01
Series:BMC Urology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12894-021-00813-8