Establishment of prediction equations for subcutaneous tissue thickness in two representative intramuscular deltoid injections
This study clarifies the predicted subcutaneous shoulder depth and investigates the safety of the conventional (three-finger breadth method) and new (axillary method) intramuscular injection methods. The anatomical features of 245 volunteers who received the COVID-19 vaccination via the conventional...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Vaccine: X |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590136223000578 |
| _version_ | 1797752947365380096 |
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| author | Ryosuke Kowatari Hanae Sasaki Kenyu Murata Ken Sato Koichi Sagawa Masako Kudo Masahito Minakawa |
| author_facet | Ryosuke Kowatari Hanae Sasaki Kenyu Murata Ken Sato Koichi Sagawa Masako Kudo Masahito Minakawa |
| author_sort | Ryosuke Kowatari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study clarifies the predicted subcutaneous shoulder depth and investigates the safety of the conventional (three-finger breadth method) and new (axillary method) intramuscular injection methods. The anatomical features of 245 volunteers who received the COVID-19 vaccination via the conventional method were investigated at the injection site (T point) and the hypothetical injection site using the new method (A point) via ultrasonography. The body mass index (BMI) and subcutaneous thickness at the T point (men: r = 0.75; women: r = 0.45) and the A point (men: r = 0.81; women: r = 0.55) were positively correlated. The upper arm circumference and subcutaneous thickness at the T point (r = 0.51) and the A point (r = 0.58) were correlated in women. Formulas to predict subcutaneous thickness using BMI and upper arm circumference were established: predicted subcutaneous thickness at the A point = 0.62 × BMI − 7.7 mm (R2 = 0.66) in men and 0.658 × BMI − 5.5 mm (R2 = 0.31) in women. This study demonstrates safe intramuscular injection sites and their depth. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T17:11:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d733ec10de29413e8dd7d2f19fd58ed6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2590-1362 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T17:11:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccine: X |
| spelling | doaj.art-d733ec10de29413e8dd7d2f19fd58ed62023-08-06T04:38:12ZengElsevierVaccine: X2590-13622023-08-0114100316Establishment of prediction equations for subcutaneous tissue thickness in two representative intramuscular deltoid injectionsRyosuke Kowatari0Hanae Sasaki1Kenyu Murata2Ken Sato3Koichi Sagawa4Masako Kudo5Masahito Minakawa6Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Japan; Corresponding author at: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan.Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, JapanDepartment of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, JapanHirosaki University Health Administration Center, JapanHirosaki University Graduate School of Science and Technology, JapanHirosaki University Hospital Nursing Department, JapanDepartment of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, JapanThis study clarifies the predicted subcutaneous shoulder depth and investigates the safety of the conventional (three-finger breadth method) and new (axillary method) intramuscular injection methods. The anatomical features of 245 volunteers who received the COVID-19 vaccination via the conventional method were investigated at the injection site (T point) and the hypothetical injection site using the new method (A point) via ultrasonography. The body mass index (BMI) and subcutaneous thickness at the T point (men: r = 0.75; women: r = 0.45) and the A point (men: r = 0.81; women: r = 0.55) were positively correlated. The upper arm circumference and subcutaneous thickness at the T point (r = 0.51) and the A point (r = 0.58) were correlated in women. Formulas to predict subcutaneous thickness using BMI and upper arm circumference were established: predicted subcutaneous thickness at the A point = 0.62 × BMI − 7.7 mm (R2 = 0.66) in men and 0.658 × BMI − 5.5 mm (R2 = 0.31) in women. This study demonstrates safe intramuscular injection sites and their depth.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590136223000578Intramuscular injectionVaccinationCOVID-19Shoulder injuries related to vaccine administratio |
| spellingShingle | Ryosuke Kowatari Hanae Sasaki Kenyu Murata Ken Sato Koichi Sagawa Masako Kudo Masahito Minakawa Establishment of prediction equations for subcutaneous tissue thickness in two representative intramuscular deltoid injections Vaccine: X Intramuscular injection Vaccination COVID-19 Shoulder injuries related to vaccine administratio |
| title | Establishment of prediction equations for subcutaneous tissue thickness in two representative intramuscular deltoid injections |
| title_full | Establishment of prediction equations for subcutaneous tissue thickness in two representative intramuscular deltoid injections |
| title_fullStr | Establishment of prediction equations for subcutaneous tissue thickness in two representative intramuscular deltoid injections |
| title_full_unstemmed | Establishment of prediction equations for subcutaneous tissue thickness in two representative intramuscular deltoid injections |
| title_short | Establishment of prediction equations for subcutaneous tissue thickness in two representative intramuscular deltoid injections |
| title_sort | establishment of prediction equations for subcutaneous tissue thickness in two representative intramuscular deltoid injections |
| topic | Intramuscular injection Vaccination COVID-19 Shoulder injuries related to vaccine administratio |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590136223000578 |
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