Effects of ion composition on escape and morphology on Mars

<p>We refine a recently presented method to estimate ion escape from non-magnetized planets and apply it to Mars. The method combines in situ observations and a hybrid plasma model (ions as particles, electrons as a fluid). We use measurements from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (M...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Q. Zhang, M. Holmström, X.-D. Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Copernicus Publications 2023-09-01
Series:Annales Geophysicae
Online Access:https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/41/375/2023/angeo-41-375-2023.pdf