Essential Oil Variability of Azorean <i>Cryptomeria</i><i>japonica</i> Leaves under Different Distillation Methods, Part 1: Color, Yield and Chemical Composition Analysis
This study mainly deals with the effect of hydrodistillation (HD) and water-steam distillation (WSD) methods on the color, yield, and chemical profile of the essential oil (EO) from <i>Cryptomeria japonica</i> fresh leaves from São Miguel Island (Azores Archipelago, Portugal). The yields...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/1/452 |
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| author | Filipe Arruda José S. Rosa Ana Rodrigues Luísa Oliveira Ana Lima José G. Barroso Elisabete Lima |
| author_facet | Filipe Arruda José S. Rosa Ana Rodrigues Luísa Oliveira Ana Lima José G. Barroso Elisabete Lima |
| author_sort | Filipe Arruda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study mainly deals with the effect of hydrodistillation (HD) and water-steam distillation (WSD) methods on the color, yield, and chemical profile of the essential oil (EO) from <i>Cryptomeria japonica</i> fresh leaves from São Miguel Island (Azores Archipelago, Portugal). The yields of EO–HD (pale-yellowish) and EO–WSD (colorless) samples were 1.21% and 0.45% (<i>v/w</i>), respectively. The GC–FID, GC–MS, and <sup>13</sup>C-NMR analyses of EO–HD vs. EO–WSD revealed (i) a high-content of monoterpenes (72.8% vs. 86.7%), mainly α-pinene (34.5% vs. 46.4%) and sabinene (20.2% vs. 11.6%), and oxygenated mono- and sesquiterpenes (20.2% vs. 9.6%); (ii) similar sesquiterpene (1.6% vs. 1.6%), β-myrcene (5.9% vs. 5.8%), and camphene (3.5% vs. 3.8%) contents; and (iii) significant differences in other classes/components: EO–HD is richer in oxygenated sesquiterpenes (17.1%, mainly elemol (10.4%) and α-eudesmol (3.4%)) and diterpenes (3%; mostly phyllocladene), while EO–WSD is richer in oxygenated monoterpenes (7.2%, mainly terpinen-4-ol (5.4%)), <i>p</i>-cymene (4.4%), and limonene (3.2%). Overall, the color, yield, and quantitative composition of the EO samples studied are strongly influenced by the distillation method. Nonetheless, this <i>C. japonica</i> leaf EO displayed a consistent α-pinene- and sabinene-rich composition. The same chemotype was found in a commercial Azorean <i>C. japonica</i> leaf EO sample, obtained by industrial steam distillation (SD), as well as in Corsica <i>C. japonica</i> leaf EO–HD. Furthermore, the bioactive composition of our EO samples revealed the potential to be used in green plant protection and in the medical, food, cosmetic, and household industries. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:48:43Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:48:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-d817f0d4228f4e3a939fac31aedd244c2023-11-23T11:13:15ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-01-0112145210.3390/app12010452Essential Oil Variability of Azorean <i>Cryptomeria</i><i>japonica</i> Leaves under Different Distillation Methods, Part 1: Color, Yield and Chemical Composition AnalysisFilipe Arruda0José S. Rosa1Ana Rodrigues2Luísa Oliveira3Ana Lima4José G. Barroso5Elisabete Lima6Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, PortugalDepartment of Biology (DB), University of Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, PortugalDepartment of Biology (DB), University of Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, PortugalDepartment of Biology (DB), University of Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, PortugalInstitute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, PortugalCenter for Plant Biotechnology (CBV), Faculty of Sciences, Department of Plant Biology (DBV), Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), University of Lisbon, C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, PortugalInstitute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, PortugalThis study mainly deals with the effect of hydrodistillation (HD) and water-steam distillation (WSD) methods on the color, yield, and chemical profile of the essential oil (EO) from <i>Cryptomeria japonica</i> fresh leaves from São Miguel Island (Azores Archipelago, Portugal). The yields of EO–HD (pale-yellowish) and EO–WSD (colorless) samples were 1.21% and 0.45% (<i>v/w</i>), respectively. The GC–FID, GC–MS, and <sup>13</sup>C-NMR analyses of EO–HD vs. EO–WSD revealed (i) a high-content of monoterpenes (72.8% vs. 86.7%), mainly α-pinene (34.5% vs. 46.4%) and sabinene (20.2% vs. 11.6%), and oxygenated mono- and sesquiterpenes (20.2% vs. 9.6%); (ii) similar sesquiterpene (1.6% vs. 1.6%), β-myrcene (5.9% vs. 5.8%), and camphene (3.5% vs. 3.8%) contents; and (iii) significant differences in other classes/components: EO–HD is richer in oxygenated sesquiterpenes (17.1%, mainly elemol (10.4%) and α-eudesmol (3.4%)) and diterpenes (3%; mostly phyllocladene), while EO–WSD is richer in oxygenated monoterpenes (7.2%, mainly terpinen-4-ol (5.4%)), <i>p</i>-cymene (4.4%), and limonene (3.2%). Overall, the color, yield, and quantitative composition of the EO samples studied are strongly influenced by the distillation method. Nonetheless, this <i>C. japonica</i> leaf EO displayed a consistent α-pinene- and sabinene-rich composition. The same chemotype was found in a commercial Azorean <i>C. japonica</i> leaf EO sample, obtained by industrial steam distillation (SD), as well as in Corsica <i>C. japonica</i> leaf EO–HD. Furthermore, the bioactive composition of our EO samples revealed the potential to be used in green plant protection and in the medical, food, cosmetic, and household industries.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/1/452circular bioeconomywoody waste biovalorizationJapanese cedardistillation methodsessential oilterpenes/terpenoids |
| spellingShingle | Filipe Arruda José S. Rosa Ana Rodrigues Luísa Oliveira Ana Lima José G. Barroso Elisabete Lima Essential Oil Variability of Azorean <i>Cryptomeria</i><i>japonica</i> Leaves under Different Distillation Methods, Part 1: Color, Yield and Chemical Composition Analysis Applied Sciences circular bioeconomy woody waste biovalorization Japanese cedar distillation methods essential oil terpenes/terpenoids |
| title | Essential Oil Variability of Azorean <i>Cryptomeria</i><i>japonica</i> Leaves under Different Distillation Methods, Part 1: Color, Yield and Chemical Composition Analysis |
| title_full | Essential Oil Variability of Azorean <i>Cryptomeria</i><i>japonica</i> Leaves under Different Distillation Methods, Part 1: Color, Yield and Chemical Composition Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Essential Oil Variability of Azorean <i>Cryptomeria</i><i>japonica</i> Leaves under Different Distillation Methods, Part 1: Color, Yield and Chemical Composition Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Essential Oil Variability of Azorean <i>Cryptomeria</i><i>japonica</i> Leaves under Different Distillation Methods, Part 1: Color, Yield and Chemical Composition Analysis |
| title_short | Essential Oil Variability of Azorean <i>Cryptomeria</i><i>japonica</i> Leaves under Different Distillation Methods, Part 1: Color, Yield and Chemical Composition Analysis |
| title_sort | essential oil variability of azorean i cryptomeria i i japonica i leaves under different distillation methods part 1 color yield and chemical composition analysis |
| topic | circular bioeconomy woody waste biovalorization Japanese cedar distillation methods essential oil terpenes/terpenoids |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/1/452 |
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