A network of regulations by small noncoding RNAs: the P TEFb kinase in development and pathology
Part of the heterodimeric PTEF-b element of the PolII transcription machinery, the Cdk9 kinase plays a critical role in gene expression. Phosphorylation of several residues in the polymerase is required for elongation of transcript. It determines the rates of transcription and thus, plays a critical...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2011-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Genetics |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fgene.2011.00095/full |
| _version_ | 1830382717538140160 |
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| author | Hossein eGhanbarian Hossein eGhanbarian Valerie eGrandjean Francois eCuzin Minoo eRassoulzadegan |
| author_facet | Hossein eGhanbarian Hossein eGhanbarian Valerie eGrandjean Francois eCuzin Minoo eRassoulzadegan |
| author_sort | Hossein eGhanbarian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Part of the heterodimeric PTEF-b element of the PolII transcription machinery, the Cdk9 kinase plays a critical role in gene expression. Phosphorylation of several residues in the polymerase is required for elongation of transcript. It determines the rates of transcription and thus, plays a critical role in several differentiation pathways, best documented in heart development. The synthesis and activity of the protein are tightly regulated in a coordinated manner by at least three noncoding RNAs. First, its kinase activity is reversibly inhibited by formation of a complex with the 334 nt 7SK RNA, from which it is released under conditions of stress. Then, heart development requires a maximal rate of synthesis during cardiomyocyte differentiation, followed by a decrease in the differentiated state. The latter is insured by microRNA-mediated translational inhibition. In a third mode of RNA control, increased levels of transcription are induced by small noncoding RNA molecules with sequences homologous to the transcript. Designated paramutation, this epigenetic variation, stable during development and hereditarily transmitted in a non-Mendelian manner over several generations, is thought to be a response to the inactivation of one of the two alleles by an abnormal recombination event such as insertion of a transposon. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T10:11:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d8f6342e1a04432f91ed1652af7a7a6e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-8021 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T10:11:38Z |
| publishDate | 2011-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Genetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-d8f6342e1a04432f91ed1652af7a7a6e2022-12-21T19:44:08ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Genetics1664-80212011-12-01210.3389/fgene.2011.0009516813A network of regulations by small noncoding RNAs: the P TEFb kinase in development and pathologyHossein eGhanbarian0Hossein eGhanbarian1Valerie eGrandjean2Francois eCuzin3Minoo eRassoulzadegan4Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleStem Cell Technology Research CenterInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicalePart of the heterodimeric PTEF-b element of the PolII transcription machinery, the Cdk9 kinase plays a critical role in gene expression. Phosphorylation of several residues in the polymerase is required for elongation of transcript. It determines the rates of transcription and thus, plays a critical role in several differentiation pathways, best documented in heart development. The synthesis and activity of the protein are tightly regulated in a coordinated manner by at least three noncoding RNAs. First, its kinase activity is reversibly inhibited by formation of a complex with the 334 nt 7SK RNA, from which it is released under conditions of stress. Then, heart development requires a maximal rate of synthesis during cardiomyocyte differentiation, followed by a decrease in the differentiated state. The latter is insured by microRNA-mediated translational inhibition. In a third mode of RNA control, increased levels of transcription are induced by small noncoding RNA molecules with sequences homologous to the transcript. Designated paramutation, this epigenetic variation, stable during development and hereditarily transmitted in a non-Mendelian manner over several generations, is thought to be a response to the inactivation of one of the two alleles by an abnormal recombination event such as insertion of a transposon.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fgene.2011.00095/fullHeredityMiceepigeneticnoncoding RNAcardiac hypertrophy7sk |
| spellingShingle | Hossein eGhanbarian Hossein eGhanbarian Valerie eGrandjean Francois eCuzin Minoo eRassoulzadegan A network of regulations by small noncoding RNAs: the P TEFb kinase in development and pathology Frontiers in Genetics Heredity Mice epigenetic noncoding RNA cardiac hypertrophy 7sk |
| title | A network of regulations by small noncoding RNAs: the P TEFb kinase in development and pathology |
| title_full | A network of regulations by small noncoding RNAs: the P TEFb kinase in development and pathology |
| title_fullStr | A network of regulations by small noncoding RNAs: the P TEFb kinase in development and pathology |
| title_full_unstemmed | A network of regulations by small noncoding RNAs: the P TEFb kinase in development and pathology |
| title_short | A network of regulations by small noncoding RNAs: the P TEFb kinase in development and pathology |
| title_sort | network of regulations by small noncoding rnas the p tefb kinase in development and pathology |
| topic | Heredity Mice epigenetic noncoding RNA cardiac hypertrophy 7sk |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fgene.2011.00095/full |
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