Folate Content and Yolk Color of Hen Eggs from Different Farming Systems
This study aimed to compare folate contents in hen eggs from four different farming systems, namely organic, free range, barn, and cage one. Folate retention during egg boiling was studied as well. The contents of individual folate vitamers were determined using the high-performance liquid chromatog...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/4/1034 |
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| author | Marta Czarnowska-Kujawska Anna Draszanowska Elżbieta Gujska Joanna Klepacka Marta Kasińska |
| author_facet | Marta Czarnowska-Kujawska Anna Draszanowska Elżbieta Gujska Joanna Klepacka Marta Kasińska |
| author_sort | Marta Czarnowska-Kujawska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to compare folate contents in hen eggs from four different farming systems, namely organic, free range, barn, and cage one. Folate retention during egg boiling was studied as well. The contents of individual folate vitamers were determined using the high-performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC), following trienzyme treatment. Folate content in eggs differed significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) due to the rearing system, with the highest mean content determined in the eggs from organic farming (113.8 µg/100 g). According to this study, one egg (60 g) may provide 40–86 µg of folates, which corresponds to 10–22% of the recommended daily intake for adults, 400 µg according to the Nutrition Standards for the Polish Population. The predominant folate form found in egg was 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, which showed considerably greater stability under boiling compared to 10-formylfolic acid present in a lower amount. In most eggs tested, the losses in total folate content did not exceed 15%. The color of yolk of the most folate-abundant organic eggs, had the highest value of lightness (L*) and the lowest value of redness (a*). This, however, does not correspond to consumer preferences of intense golden yolk color. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:50:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-db11c7c875f948468daf88c08f23e7a0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:50:57Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-db11c7c875f948468daf88c08f23e7a02023-12-11T17:13:23ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-02-01264103410.3390/molecules26041034Folate Content and Yolk Color of Hen Eggs from Different Farming SystemsMarta Czarnowska-Kujawska0Anna Draszanowska1Elżbieta Gujska2Joanna Klepacka3Marta Kasińska4Department of Commodity and Food Analysis, The Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Human Nutrition, The Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Commodity and Food Analysis, The Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Commodity and Food Analysis, The Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Commodity and Food Analysis, The Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandThis study aimed to compare folate contents in hen eggs from four different farming systems, namely organic, free range, barn, and cage one. Folate retention during egg boiling was studied as well. The contents of individual folate vitamers were determined using the high-performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC), following trienzyme treatment. Folate content in eggs differed significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) due to the rearing system, with the highest mean content determined in the eggs from organic farming (113.8 µg/100 g). According to this study, one egg (60 g) may provide 40–86 µg of folates, which corresponds to 10–22% of the recommended daily intake for adults, 400 µg according to the Nutrition Standards for the Polish Population. The predominant folate form found in egg was 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, which showed considerably greater stability under boiling compared to 10-formylfolic acid present in a lower amount. In most eggs tested, the losses in total folate content did not exceed 15%. The color of yolk of the most folate-abundant organic eggs, had the highest value of lightness (L*) and the lowest value of redness (a*). This, however, does not correspond to consumer preferences of intense golden yolk color.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/4/1034folatesvitaminsfood folate analysisorganic foodfunctional foodsHPLC |
| spellingShingle | Marta Czarnowska-Kujawska Anna Draszanowska Elżbieta Gujska Joanna Klepacka Marta Kasińska Folate Content and Yolk Color of Hen Eggs from Different Farming Systems Molecules folates vitamins food folate analysis organic food functional foods HPLC |
| title | Folate Content and Yolk Color of Hen Eggs from Different Farming Systems |
| title_full | Folate Content and Yolk Color of Hen Eggs from Different Farming Systems |
| title_fullStr | Folate Content and Yolk Color of Hen Eggs from Different Farming Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Folate Content and Yolk Color of Hen Eggs from Different Farming Systems |
| title_short | Folate Content and Yolk Color of Hen Eggs from Different Farming Systems |
| title_sort | folate content and yolk color of hen eggs from different farming systems |
| topic | folates vitamins food folate analysis organic food functional foods HPLC |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/4/1034 |
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