The Patho-Neurophysiological Basis and Treatment of Focal Laryngeal Dystonia: A Narrative Review and Two Case Reports Applying TMS over the Laryngeal Motor Cortex

The Patho-Neurophysiological Basis and Treatment of Focal Laryngeal Dystonia: A Narrative Review and Two Case Reports Applying TMS over the Laryngeal Motor Cortex

Focal laryngeal dystonia (LD) is a rare, idiopathic disease affecting the laryngeal musculature with an unknown cause and clinically presented as adductor LD or rarely as abductor LD. The most effective treatment options include the injection of botulinum toxin (BoNT) into the affected laryngeal mus...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Maja Rogić Vidaković, Ivana Gunjača, Josipa Bukić, Vana Košta, Joško Šoda, Ivan Konstantinović, Braco Bošković, Irena Bilić, Nikolina Režić Mužinić
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-06-01
Series:Journal of Clinical Medicine
Subjects:
spasmodic dysphonia
laryngeal dystonia
dystonia
focal dystonia
focal laryngeal dystonia
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/12/3453

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https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/12/3453

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