Immunomodulatory Effect of <i>Benincasa hispida</i> Extract Fermented by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> CJH 101 on RAW 264.7 Macrophages
This study aimed to confirm the immunomodulatory effects of fermented <i>Benincasa hispida</i> extract (HR1901-BS) on RAW 264.7 macrophages. <i>B. hispida</i> was fermented for 72 h using <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> CJH 101. To evaluate the efficacy of HR1901-BS in e...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Fermentation |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/9/8/701 |
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| author | Ye Eun Choi Jung Mo Yang Chae Won Jeong He Seung Hur Ju Hyun Cho |
| author_facet | Ye Eun Choi Jung Mo Yang Chae Won Jeong He Seung Hur Ju Hyun Cho |
| author_sort | Ye Eun Choi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to confirm the immunomodulatory effects of fermented <i>Benincasa hispida</i> extract (HR1901-BS) on RAW 264.7 macrophages. <i>B. hispida</i> was fermented for 72 h using <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> CJH 101. To evaluate the efficacy of HR1901-BS in enhancing macrophage function, we measured and compared the levels of macrophage activation-related markers in HR1901-BS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. We evaluated the effects on nitric oxide (NO) production and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor TNF-β) in the RAW 264.7 cell line. We confirmed that HR1901-BS affected macrophage activation by inducing a significantly high dose-dependent NO production and increasing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 macrophages. It also suggested that the immunomodulatory effect by HR1901-BS occurred mainly as a result of the activation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways. Our results indicate that HR1901-BS is a promising candidate as a functional material that enhances immune responses through macrophage activation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:57:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dc487d19b33a477191957bcd86427121 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-5637 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:57:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fermentation |
| spelling | doaj.art-dc487d19b33a477191957bcd864271212023-11-19T01:01:09ZengMDPI AGFermentation2311-56372023-07-019870110.3390/fermentation9080701Immunomodulatory Effect of <i>Benincasa hispida</i> Extract Fermented by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> CJH 101 on RAW 264.7 MacrophagesYe Eun Choi0Jung Mo Yang1Chae Won Jeong2He Seung Hur3Ju Hyun Cho4Haram Central Research Institute, Cheongju 28160, Republic of KoreaHaram Central Research Institute, Cheongju 28160, Republic of KoreaHaram Central Research Institute, Cheongju 28160, Republic of KoreaHaram Central Research Institute, Cheongju 28160, Republic of KoreaHaram Central Research Institute, Cheongju 28160, Republic of KoreaThis study aimed to confirm the immunomodulatory effects of fermented <i>Benincasa hispida</i> extract (HR1901-BS) on RAW 264.7 macrophages. <i>B. hispida</i> was fermented for 72 h using <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> CJH 101. To evaluate the efficacy of HR1901-BS in enhancing macrophage function, we measured and compared the levels of macrophage activation-related markers in HR1901-BS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. We evaluated the effects on nitric oxide (NO) production and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor TNF-β) in the RAW 264.7 cell line. We confirmed that HR1901-BS affected macrophage activation by inducing a significantly high dose-dependent NO production and increasing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 macrophages. It also suggested that the immunomodulatory effect by HR1901-BS occurred mainly as a result of the activation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways. Our results indicate that HR1901-BS is a promising candidate as a functional material that enhances immune responses through macrophage activation.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/9/8/701immunomodulationfermented <i>Benincasa hispida</i><i>Bacillus subtilis</i> CJH 101RAW 264.7 |
| spellingShingle | Ye Eun Choi Jung Mo Yang Chae Won Jeong He Seung Hur Ju Hyun Cho Immunomodulatory Effect of <i>Benincasa hispida</i> Extract Fermented by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> CJH 101 on RAW 264.7 Macrophages Fermentation immunomodulation fermented <i>Benincasa hispida</i> <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> CJH 101 RAW 264.7 |
| title | Immunomodulatory Effect of <i>Benincasa hispida</i> Extract Fermented by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> CJH 101 on RAW 264.7 Macrophages |
| title_full | Immunomodulatory Effect of <i>Benincasa hispida</i> Extract Fermented by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> CJH 101 on RAW 264.7 Macrophages |
| title_fullStr | Immunomodulatory Effect of <i>Benincasa hispida</i> Extract Fermented by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> CJH 101 on RAW 264.7 Macrophages |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunomodulatory Effect of <i>Benincasa hispida</i> Extract Fermented by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> CJH 101 on RAW 264.7 Macrophages |
| title_short | Immunomodulatory Effect of <i>Benincasa hispida</i> Extract Fermented by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> CJH 101 on RAW 264.7 Macrophages |
| title_sort | immunomodulatory effect of i benincasa hispida i extract fermented by i bacillus subtilis i cjh 101 on raw 264 7 macrophages |
| topic | immunomodulation fermented <i>Benincasa hispida</i> <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> CJH 101 RAW 264.7 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/9/8/701 |
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