The Potential Influence of Uremic Toxins on the Homeostasis of Bones and Muscles in Chronic Kidney Disease
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often experience a high accumulation of protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs), specifically indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (pCS). In the early stages of CKD, the buildup of PBUTs inhibits bone and muscle function. As CKD progresses, elevated PBUT l...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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Series: | Biomedicines |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/7/2076 |