Butyrate and taurine exert a mitigating effect on the inflamed distal intestine of European sea bass fed with a high percentage of soybean meal
Abstract Background Due to the paucity of oceanic resources utilized in the preparation of diets for cultured fish, commercial feed producers have been trying to replace fishmeal (FM) using alternative protein sources such as vegetable protein meals (VMs). One of the main drawbacks of using VMs in f...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science
2016-12-01
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| Series: | Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41240-016-0041-9 |
| _version_ | 1819294954433806336 |
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| author | Simona Rimoldi Giovanna Finzi Chiara Ceccotti Rossana Girardello Annalisa Grimaldi Chiara Ascione Genciana Terova |
| author_facet | Simona Rimoldi Giovanna Finzi Chiara Ceccotti Rossana Girardello Annalisa Grimaldi Chiara Ascione Genciana Terova |
| author_sort | Simona Rimoldi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Due to the paucity of oceanic resources utilized in the preparation of diets for cultured fish, commercial feed producers have been trying to replace fishmeal (FM) using alternative protein sources such as vegetable protein meals (VMs). One of the main drawbacks of using VMs in fish feed is related to the presence of a variety of anti-nutritional factors, which could trigger an inflammation process in the distal intestine. This reduces the capacity of the enterocytes to absorb nutrients leading to reduced fish growth performances. Methods We evaluated the mitigating effects of butyrate and taurine used as feed additives on the morphological abnormalities caused by a soybean meal (SBM)-based diet in the distal intestine of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). We used three experimental diets, containing the same low percentage of FM and high percentage of SBM; two diets were supplemented with either 0.2% sodium butyrate or taurine. Histological changes in the intestine of fish were determined by light and transmission electron microscopy. Infiltration of CD45+ leucocytes in the lamina propria and in the submucosa was assessed by immunohistochemistry. We also quantified by One-Step Taqman® real-time RT-PCR the messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance of a panel of genes involved in the intestinal mucosa inflammatory response such as TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha) and interleukins: IL-8, IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-6. Results Fish that received for 2 months the diet with 30% soy protein (16.7% SBM and 12.8% full-fat soy) developed an inflammation in the distal intestine, as confirmed by histological and immunohistochemistry data. The expression of target genes in the intestine was deeply influenced by the type of fish diet. Fish fed with taurine-supplemented diet displayed the lowest number of mRNA copies of IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-10 genes in comparison to fish fed with control or butyrate-supplemented diets. Dietary butyrate caused an upregulation of the TNFα gene transcription. Among the quantified interleukins, IL-6 was the only one to be not influenced by the diet. Conclusions Histological and gene expression data suggest that butyrate and taurine could have a role in normalizing the intestinal abnormalities caused by the SBM, but the underling mechanisms of action seem different. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-24T04:34:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dca494e2d05c4a21bd986da06acbd697 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2234-1757 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T04:34:31Z |
| publishDate | 2016-12-01 |
| publisher | The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-dca494e2d05c4a21bd986da06acbd6972022-12-21T17:15:16ZengThe Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic ScienceFisheries and Aquatic Sciences2234-17572016-12-0119111410.1186/s41240-016-0041-9Butyrate and taurine exert a mitigating effect on the inflamed distal intestine of European sea bass fed with a high percentage of soybean mealSimona Rimoldi0Giovanna Finzi1Chiara Ceccotti2Rossana Girardello3Annalisa Grimaldi4Chiara Ascione5Genciana Terova6Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of InsubriaDepartment of Pathology, Ospedale di CircoloDepartment of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of InsubriaDepartment of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of InsubriaDepartment of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of InsubriaDepartment of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of InsubriaDepartment of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of InsubriaAbstract Background Due to the paucity of oceanic resources utilized in the preparation of diets for cultured fish, commercial feed producers have been trying to replace fishmeal (FM) using alternative protein sources such as vegetable protein meals (VMs). One of the main drawbacks of using VMs in fish feed is related to the presence of a variety of anti-nutritional factors, which could trigger an inflammation process in the distal intestine. This reduces the capacity of the enterocytes to absorb nutrients leading to reduced fish growth performances. Methods We evaluated the mitigating effects of butyrate and taurine used as feed additives on the morphological abnormalities caused by a soybean meal (SBM)-based diet in the distal intestine of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). We used three experimental diets, containing the same low percentage of FM and high percentage of SBM; two diets were supplemented with either 0.2% sodium butyrate or taurine. Histological changes in the intestine of fish were determined by light and transmission electron microscopy. Infiltration of CD45+ leucocytes in the lamina propria and in the submucosa was assessed by immunohistochemistry. We also quantified by One-Step Taqman® real-time RT-PCR the messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance of a panel of genes involved in the intestinal mucosa inflammatory response such as TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha) and interleukins: IL-8, IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-6. Results Fish that received for 2 months the diet with 30% soy protein (16.7% SBM and 12.8% full-fat soy) developed an inflammation in the distal intestine, as confirmed by histological and immunohistochemistry data. The expression of target genes in the intestine was deeply influenced by the type of fish diet. Fish fed with taurine-supplemented diet displayed the lowest number of mRNA copies of IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-10 genes in comparison to fish fed with control or butyrate-supplemented diets. Dietary butyrate caused an upregulation of the TNFα gene transcription. Among the quantified interleukins, IL-6 was the only one to be not influenced by the diet. Conclusions Histological and gene expression data suggest that butyrate and taurine could have a role in normalizing the intestinal abnormalities caused by the SBM, but the underling mechanisms of action seem different.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41240-016-0041-9AquacultureIntestinal inflammationTEMLight microscopyGene expressionCytokines |
| spellingShingle | Simona Rimoldi Giovanna Finzi Chiara Ceccotti Rossana Girardello Annalisa Grimaldi Chiara Ascione Genciana Terova Butyrate and taurine exert a mitigating effect on the inflamed distal intestine of European sea bass fed with a high percentage of soybean meal Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Aquaculture Intestinal inflammation TEM Light microscopy Gene expression Cytokines |
| title | Butyrate and taurine exert a mitigating effect on the inflamed distal intestine of European sea bass fed with a high percentage of soybean meal |
| title_full | Butyrate and taurine exert a mitigating effect on the inflamed distal intestine of European sea bass fed with a high percentage of soybean meal |
| title_fullStr | Butyrate and taurine exert a mitigating effect on the inflamed distal intestine of European sea bass fed with a high percentage of soybean meal |
| title_full_unstemmed | Butyrate and taurine exert a mitigating effect on the inflamed distal intestine of European sea bass fed with a high percentage of soybean meal |
| title_short | Butyrate and taurine exert a mitigating effect on the inflamed distal intestine of European sea bass fed with a high percentage of soybean meal |
| title_sort | butyrate and taurine exert a mitigating effect on the inflamed distal intestine of european sea bass fed with a high percentage of soybean meal |
| topic | Aquaculture Intestinal inflammation TEM Light microscopy Gene expression Cytokines |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41240-016-0041-9 |
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