Moderate Salinity Stress Affects Rice Quality by Influencing Expression of Amylose- and Protein-Content-Associated Genes
Salinity is an environmental stress that severely impacts rice grain yield and quality. However, limited information is available on the molecular mechanism by which salinity reduces grain quality. In this study, we investigated the milling, appearance, eating and cooking, and nutritional quality am...
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MDPI AG
2024-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| author | Chongke Zheng Shulin Niu Ying Yan Guanhua Zhou Yongbin Peng Yanan He Jinjun Zhou Yaping Li Xianzhi Xie |
| author_facet | Chongke Zheng Shulin Niu Ying Yan Guanhua Zhou Yongbin Peng Yanan He Jinjun Zhou Yaping Li Xianzhi Xie |
| author_sort | Chongke Zheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Salinity is an environmental stress that severely impacts rice grain yield and quality. However, limited information is available on the molecular mechanism by which salinity reduces grain quality. In this study, we investigated the milling, appearance, eating and cooking, and nutritional quality among three japonica rice cultivars grown either under moderate salinity with an electrical conductivity of 4 dS/m or under non-saline conditions in a paddy field in Dongying, Shandong, China. Moderate salinity affected rice appearance quality predominantly by increasing chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree and affected rice eating and cooking and nutritional quality predominantly by decreasing amylose content and increasing protein content. We compared the expression levels of genes determining grain chalkiness, amylose content, and protein content in developing seeds (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 days after flowering) of plants grown under saline or non-saline conditions. The chalkiness-related gene <i>Chalk5</i> was up-regulated and <i>WHITE-CORE RATE 1</i> was repressed. The genes <i>Nuclear factor Y</i> and <i>Wx,</i> which determine amylose content, were downregulated, while protein-content-associated genes <i>OsAAP6</i> and <i>OsGluA2</i> were upregulated by salinity in the developing seeds. These findings suggest some target genes that may be utilized to improve the grain quality under salinity stress conditions via gene-pyramiding breeding approaches. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:42:45Z |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:42:45Z |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-dd3bfa81f4bf43e590cdeb04625ced9f2024-04-12T13:20:29ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672024-04-01257404210.3390/ijms25074042Moderate Salinity Stress Affects Rice Quality by Influencing Expression of Amylose- and Protein-Content-Associated GenesChongke Zheng0Shulin Niu1Ying Yan2Guanhua Zhou3Yongbin Peng4Yanan He5Jinjun Zhou6Yaping Li7Xianzhi Xie8Institute of Wetland Agriculture and Ecology, Shandong Rice Engineering Technology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, ChinaInstitute of Wetland Agriculture and Ecology, Shandong Rice Engineering Technology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, ChinaCrop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, ChinaInstitute of Wetland Agriculture and Ecology, Shandong Rice Engineering Technology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, ChinaInstitute of Wetland Agriculture and Ecology, Shandong Rice Engineering Technology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, ChinaInstitute of Wetland Agriculture and Ecology, Shandong Rice Engineering Technology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, ChinaInstitute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, ChinaInstitute of Wetland Agriculture and Ecology, Shandong Rice Engineering Technology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, ChinaInstitute of Wetland Agriculture and Ecology, Shandong Rice Engineering Technology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, ChinaSalinity is an environmental stress that severely impacts rice grain yield and quality. However, limited information is available on the molecular mechanism by which salinity reduces grain quality. In this study, we investigated the milling, appearance, eating and cooking, and nutritional quality among three japonica rice cultivars grown either under moderate salinity with an electrical conductivity of 4 dS/m or under non-saline conditions in a paddy field in Dongying, Shandong, China. Moderate salinity affected rice appearance quality predominantly by increasing chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree and affected rice eating and cooking and nutritional quality predominantly by decreasing amylose content and increasing protein content. We compared the expression levels of genes determining grain chalkiness, amylose content, and protein content in developing seeds (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 days after flowering) of plants grown under saline or non-saline conditions. The chalkiness-related gene <i>Chalk5</i> was up-regulated and <i>WHITE-CORE RATE 1</i> was repressed. The genes <i>Nuclear factor Y</i> and <i>Wx,</i> which determine amylose content, were downregulated, while protein-content-associated genes <i>OsAAP6</i> and <i>OsGluA2</i> were upregulated by salinity in the developing seeds. These findings suggest some target genes that may be utilized to improve the grain quality under salinity stress conditions via gene-pyramiding breeding approaches.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/7/4042ricesalinityamylose contentgrain protein contentquality-associated gene |
| spellingShingle | Chongke Zheng Shulin Niu Ying Yan Guanhua Zhou Yongbin Peng Yanan He Jinjun Zhou Yaping Li Xianzhi Xie Moderate Salinity Stress Affects Rice Quality by Influencing Expression of Amylose- and Protein-Content-Associated Genes International Journal of Molecular Sciences rice salinity amylose content grain protein content quality-associated gene |
| title | Moderate Salinity Stress Affects Rice Quality by Influencing Expression of Amylose- and Protein-Content-Associated Genes |
| title_full | Moderate Salinity Stress Affects Rice Quality by Influencing Expression of Amylose- and Protein-Content-Associated Genes |
| title_fullStr | Moderate Salinity Stress Affects Rice Quality by Influencing Expression of Amylose- and Protein-Content-Associated Genes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Moderate Salinity Stress Affects Rice Quality by Influencing Expression of Amylose- and Protein-Content-Associated Genes |
| title_short | Moderate Salinity Stress Affects Rice Quality by Influencing Expression of Amylose- and Protein-Content-Associated Genes |
| title_sort | moderate salinity stress affects rice quality by influencing expression of amylose and protein content associated genes |
| topic | rice salinity amylose content grain protein content quality-associated gene |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/7/4042 |
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