Botulinum Toxin Injection for the Treatment of Upper Esophageal Sphincter Dysfunction
Dysphagia associated with upper esophageal sphincter (UES) dysfunction remarkably affects the quality of life of patients. UES injection of botulinum toxin is an effective treatment for dysphagia. In comparison with skeletal muscles of the limb and trunk, the UES is a special therapeutic target of b...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-04-01
|
| Series: | Toxins |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/5/321 |
| _version_ | 1797494964318371840 |
|---|---|
| author | Pengxu Wei |
| author_facet | Pengxu Wei |
| author_sort | Pengxu Wei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dysphagia associated with upper esophageal sphincter (UES) dysfunction remarkably affects the quality of life of patients. UES injection of botulinum toxin is an effective treatment for dysphagia. In comparison with skeletal muscles of the limb and trunk, the UES is a special therapeutic target of botulinum toxin injection, owing to its several anatomical, physiological, and pathophysiological features. This review focuses on (1) the anatomy and function of the UES and the pathophysiology of UES dysfunction in dysphagia and why the entire UES rather than the cricopharyngeal muscle before/during botulinum toxin injection should be examined and targeted; (2) the therapeutic mechanisms of botulinum toxin for UES dysfunction, including the choice of injection sites, dose, and volume; (3) the strengths and weaknesses of guiding techniques, including electromyography, ultrasound, computed tomography, and balloon catheter dilation for botulinum toxin injection of the UES. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:41:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dd5d516fbbc449689ca7b14b2201d43b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:41:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-dd5d516fbbc449689ca7b14b2201d43b2023-11-23T13:22:51ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512022-04-0114532110.3390/toxins14050321Botulinum Toxin Injection for the Treatment of Upper Esophageal Sphincter DysfunctionPengxu Wei0Beijing Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids for Old-Age Disability, Key Laboratory of Neuro-Functional Information and Rehabilitation Engineering of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, No. 1 Ronghuazhong Road, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing 100176, ChinaDysphagia associated with upper esophageal sphincter (UES) dysfunction remarkably affects the quality of life of patients. UES injection of botulinum toxin is an effective treatment for dysphagia. In comparison with skeletal muscles of the limb and trunk, the UES is a special therapeutic target of botulinum toxin injection, owing to its several anatomical, physiological, and pathophysiological features. This review focuses on (1) the anatomy and function of the UES and the pathophysiology of UES dysfunction in dysphagia and why the entire UES rather than the cricopharyngeal muscle before/during botulinum toxin injection should be examined and targeted; (2) the therapeutic mechanisms of botulinum toxin for UES dysfunction, including the choice of injection sites, dose, and volume; (3) the strengths and weaknesses of guiding techniques, including electromyography, ultrasound, computed tomography, and balloon catheter dilation for botulinum toxin injection of the UES.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/5/321dysphagiaupper esophageal sphinctercricopharyngeal musclebotulinum toxininjectionelectromyography |
| spellingShingle | Pengxu Wei Botulinum Toxin Injection for the Treatment of Upper Esophageal Sphincter Dysfunction Toxins dysphagia upper esophageal sphincter cricopharyngeal muscle botulinum toxin injection electromyography |
| title | Botulinum Toxin Injection for the Treatment of Upper Esophageal Sphincter Dysfunction |
| title_full | Botulinum Toxin Injection for the Treatment of Upper Esophageal Sphincter Dysfunction |
| title_fullStr | Botulinum Toxin Injection for the Treatment of Upper Esophageal Sphincter Dysfunction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Botulinum Toxin Injection for the Treatment of Upper Esophageal Sphincter Dysfunction |
| title_short | Botulinum Toxin Injection for the Treatment of Upper Esophageal Sphincter Dysfunction |
| title_sort | botulinum toxin injection for the treatment of upper esophageal sphincter dysfunction |
| topic | dysphagia upper esophageal sphincter cricopharyngeal muscle botulinum toxin injection electromyography |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/5/321 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pengxuwei botulinumtoxininjectionforthetreatmentofupperesophagealsphincterdysfunction |