<i>Neocinnamomum caudatum</i> Essential Oil Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in RAW 264.7 Cells by Inhibiting NF-κB Activation and ROS Production
<i>Neocinnamomum caudatum</i> (Lauraceae) plant is used in the traditional system of medicine and is considered a potential source of edible fruits, spices, flavoring agents and biodiesel. The leaves, bark and roots of the species are used by local communities for the treatment of inflam...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/23/8193 |
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| author | Sudipta Jena Asit Ray Omprakash Mohanta Prabhat Kumar Das Ambika Sahoo Sanghamitra Nayak Pratap Chandra Panda |
| author_facet | Sudipta Jena Asit Ray Omprakash Mohanta Prabhat Kumar Das Ambika Sahoo Sanghamitra Nayak Pratap Chandra Panda |
| author_sort | Sudipta Jena |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Neocinnamomum caudatum</i> (Lauraceae) plant is used in the traditional system of medicine and is considered a potential source of edible fruits, spices, flavoring agents and biodiesel. The leaves, bark and roots of the species are used by local communities for the treatment of inflammatory responses, such as allergies, sinusitis and urinary tract infections. However, there is no scientific evidence to support the molecular mechanism through which this plant exerts its anti-inflammatory effect. The aim of the current research was to characterize the chemical constituents of bark (NCB) and leaf (NCL) essential oil of <i>N. caudatum</i> and to elucidate its anti-inflammatory action in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation were further subjected to gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The major constituents in bark essential oil identified as β-pinene (13.11%), <i>α</i>-cadinol (11.18%) and <i>α</i>-pinene (10.99%), whereas leaf essential oil was found to be rich in β-pinene (45.21%), myrcene (9.97%) and α-pinene (9.27%). Treatment with NCB and NCL at a concentration of 25 µg/mL exerted significant anti-inflammatory activity by significantly reducing LPS-triggered nitric oxide (NO) production to 45.86% and 61.64%, respectively, compared to the LPS-treated group. In the LPS-treated group, the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, decreased after treatment with essential oil, alleviating the mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. The essential oil also inhibited the production of intracellular ROS and attenuated the depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential in a concentration-dependent manner. Pretreatment with NCB also reduced nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/p65 translocation and elevated the levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes in LPS-induced macrophages. The present findings, for the first time, demonstrate the anti-inflammatory potential of both bark and leaf essential oils of <i>N. caudatum</i>. The bark essential oil exhibited a significantly more important anti-inflammatory effect than the leaf essential oil and could be used as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:40:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ddd72613b1744bf8b6d083c1b236be27 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:40:06Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-ddd72613b1744bf8b6d083c1b236be272023-11-24T11:38:09ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-11-012723819310.3390/molecules27238193<i>Neocinnamomum caudatum</i> Essential Oil Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in RAW 264.7 Cells by Inhibiting NF-κB Activation and ROS ProductionSudipta Jena0Asit Ray1Omprakash Mohanta2Prabhat Kumar Das3Ambika Sahoo4Sanghamitra Nayak5Pratap Chandra Panda6Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751003, IndiaCentre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751003, IndiaCentre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751003, IndiaCentre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751003, IndiaCentre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751003, IndiaCentre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751003, IndiaCentre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751003, India<i>Neocinnamomum caudatum</i> (Lauraceae) plant is used in the traditional system of medicine and is considered a potential source of edible fruits, spices, flavoring agents and biodiesel. The leaves, bark and roots of the species are used by local communities for the treatment of inflammatory responses, such as allergies, sinusitis and urinary tract infections. However, there is no scientific evidence to support the molecular mechanism through which this plant exerts its anti-inflammatory effect. The aim of the current research was to characterize the chemical constituents of bark (NCB) and leaf (NCL) essential oil of <i>N. caudatum</i> and to elucidate its anti-inflammatory action in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation were further subjected to gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The major constituents in bark essential oil identified as β-pinene (13.11%), <i>α</i>-cadinol (11.18%) and <i>α</i>-pinene (10.99%), whereas leaf essential oil was found to be rich in β-pinene (45.21%), myrcene (9.97%) and α-pinene (9.27%). Treatment with NCB and NCL at a concentration of 25 µg/mL exerted significant anti-inflammatory activity by significantly reducing LPS-triggered nitric oxide (NO) production to 45.86% and 61.64%, respectively, compared to the LPS-treated group. In the LPS-treated group, the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, decreased after treatment with essential oil, alleviating the mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. The essential oil also inhibited the production of intracellular ROS and attenuated the depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential in a concentration-dependent manner. Pretreatment with NCB also reduced nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/p65 translocation and elevated the levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes in LPS-induced macrophages. The present findings, for the first time, demonstrate the anti-inflammatory potential of both bark and leaf essential oils of <i>N. caudatum</i>. The bark essential oil exhibited a significantly more important anti-inflammatory effect than the leaf essential oil and could be used as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/23/8193anti-inflammatoryessential oillipopolysaccharideRAW 264.7 cells<i>Neocinnamomum caudatum</i>NF-κB |
| spellingShingle | Sudipta Jena Asit Ray Omprakash Mohanta Prabhat Kumar Das Ambika Sahoo Sanghamitra Nayak Pratap Chandra Panda <i>Neocinnamomum caudatum</i> Essential Oil Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in RAW 264.7 Cells by Inhibiting NF-κB Activation and ROS Production Molecules anti-inflammatory essential oil lipopolysaccharide RAW 264.7 cells <i>Neocinnamomum caudatum</i> NF-κB |
| title | <i>Neocinnamomum caudatum</i> Essential Oil Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in RAW 264.7 Cells by Inhibiting NF-κB Activation and ROS Production |
| title_full | <i>Neocinnamomum caudatum</i> Essential Oil Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in RAW 264.7 Cells by Inhibiting NF-κB Activation and ROS Production |
| title_fullStr | <i>Neocinnamomum caudatum</i> Essential Oil Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in RAW 264.7 Cells by Inhibiting NF-κB Activation and ROS Production |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Neocinnamomum caudatum</i> Essential Oil Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in RAW 264.7 Cells by Inhibiting NF-κB Activation and ROS Production |
| title_short | <i>Neocinnamomum caudatum</i> Essential Oil Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in RAW 264.7 Cells by Inhibiting NF-κB Activation and ROS Production |
| title_sort | i neocinnamomum caudatum i essential oil ameliorates lipopolysaccharide induced inflammation and oxidative stress in raw 264 7 cells by inhibiting nf κb activation and ros production |
| topic | anti-inflammatory essential oil lipopolysaccharide RAW 264.7 cells <i>Neocinnamomum caudatum</i> NF-κB |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/23/8193 |
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