An active fraction from Spatholobus suberectus dunn inhibits the inflammatory response by regulating microglia activation, switching microglia polarization from M1 to M2 and suppressing the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells
Neurodegenerative disorders are known to be associated with neuroinflammation caused by microglia. Therefore, regulation of microglia activation and polarization to inhibit neuroinflammatory reactions seems to hold promise as a therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative disorders. Spatholobus suberec...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023021862 |
| _version_ | 1797837058867200000 |
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| author | Molu Ban Hua Su Xianbiao Zeng Chunxia Chen Shuguang Zhou Xiaoyu Chen Zhihuan Nong |
| author_facet | Molu Ban Hua Su Xianbiao Zeng Chunxia Chen Shuguang Zhou Xiaoyu Chen Zhihuan Nong |
| author_sort | Molu Ban |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Neurodegenerative disorders are known to be associated with neuroinflammation caused by microglia. Therefore, regulation of microglia activation and polarization to inhibit neuroinflammatory reactions seems to hold promise as a therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative disorders. Spatholobus suberectus Dunn (SSD) has been utilized as a traditional Chinese medicine remedy for brain diseases for thousands of years. SSD possesses various pharmacological activities, such as circulation invigoration, neuroprotection, and anti-inflammatory. The objective of this research was to examine the anti-neuroinflammatory effects and molecular mechanisms of an active fraction from SSD (ASSD) in vitro culture BV2 cells, a type of mouse microglia cell line. The inflammatory responses in BV2 cells were induced by stimulating them with 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the effects of ASSD on LPS-stimulated inflammation were monitored. Besides, by using the methods of Western blot, immunofluorescence, and RT-PCR, the mechanisms of ASSD on microglia activation, M1/M2 polarization, and the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway were investigated. Our findings demonstrate that the treatment doses of ASSD neither induce cytotoxicity nor promote the production of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, immunofluorescence analysis show that ASSD inhibited the expression of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1(Iba1) and inducible nitricoxide synthase (iNOS), and induced arginase 1 (Arg1) expression. Moreover, Western blot analysis indicated that ASSD significantly down-regulated TLR4, MyD88, p-IκB, NF-κB p65, and NF-κB p-p65 protein expression levels. Furthermore, RT-qPCR assay show that ASSD significantly down-regulated iNOS, TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB mRNA expression levels, and up-regulated Arg1 mRNA expression level. According to the findings, ASSD can suppress microglia-mediated inflammatory responses by modulating microglia activation, inducing a shift from M1 to M2 polarization, and inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:18:45Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:18:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-de3e1a5f0d6e4708ab16e193ebdb02382023-04-29T14:52:39ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402023-04-0194e14979An active fraction from Spatholobus suberectus dunn inhibits the inflammatory response by regulating microglia activation, switching microglia polarization from M1 to M2 and suppressing the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in LPS-stimulated BV2 cellsMolu Ban0Hua Su1Xianbiao Zeng2Chunxia Chen3Shuguang Zhou4Xiaoyu Chen5Zhihuan Nong6Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, 530021 Nanning, Guangxi, PR ChinaDepartment of Pharmacology, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, 530022 Nanning, Guangxi, PR ChinaDepartment of Pharmacology, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, 530022 Nanning, Guangxi, PR ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, 530021 Nanning, Guangxi, PR ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, 530021 Nanning, Guangxi, PR ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, 530021 Nanning, Guangxi, PR China; Corresponding author.Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, 530021 Nanning, Guangxi, PR China; Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacy, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, 6 Taoyuan Road, 530021 Nanning, Guangxi, PR China,Neurodegenerative disorders are known to be associated with neuroinflammation caused by microglia. Therefore, regulation of microglia activation and polarization to inhibit neuroinflammatory reactions seems to hold promise as a therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative disorders. Spatholobus suberectus Dunn (SSD) has been utilized as a traditional Chinese medicine remedy for brain diseases for thousands of years. SSD possesses various pharmacological activities, such as circulation invigoration, neuroprotection, and anti-inflammatory. The objective of this research was to examine the anti-neuroinflammatory effects and molecular mechanisms of an active fraction from SSD (ASSD) in vitro culture BV2 cells, a type of mouse microglia cell line. The inflammatory responses in BV2 cells were induced by stimulating them with 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the effects of ASSD on LPS-stimulated inflammation were monitored. Besides, by using the methods of Western blot, immunofluorescence, and RT-PCR, the mechanisms of ASSD on microglia activation, M1/M2 polarization, and the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway were investigated. Our findings demonstrate that the treatment doses of ASSD neither induce cytotoxicity nor promote the production of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, immunofluorescence analysis show that ASSD inhibited the expression of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1(Iba1) and inducible nitricoxide synthase (iNOS), and induced arginase 1 (Arg1) expression. Moreover, Western blot analysis indicated that ASSD significantly down-regulated TLR4, MyD88, p-IκB, NF-κB p65, and NF-κB p-p65 protein expression levels. Furthermore, RT-qPCR assay show that ASSD significantly down-regulated iNOS, TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB mRNA expression levels, and up-regulated Arg1 mRNA expression level. According to the findings, ASSD can suppress microglia-mediated inflammatory responses by modulating microglia activation, inducing a shift from M1 to M2 polarization, and inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023021862NeuroinflammationNeurodegenerative disordersMicrogliaASSDTLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway |
| spellingShingle | Molu Ban Hua Su Xianbiao Zeng Chunxia Chen Shuguang Zhou Xiaoyu Chen Zhihuan Nong An active fraction from Spatholobus suberectus dunn inhibits the inflammatory response by regulating microglia activation, switching microglia polarization from M1 to M2 and suppressing the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells Heliyon Neuroinflammation Neurodegenerative disorders Microglia ASSD TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway |
| title | An active fraction from Spatholobus suberectus dunn inhibits the inflammatory response by regulating microglia activation, switching microglia polarization from M1 to M2 and suppressing the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells |
| title_full | An active fraction from Spatholobus suberectus dunn inhibits the inflammatory response by regulating microglia activation, switching microglia polarization from M1 to M2 and suppressing the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells |
| title_fullStr | An active fraction from Spatholobus suberectus dunn inhibits the inflammatory response by regulating microglia activation, switching microglia polarization from M1 to M2 and suppressing the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | An active fraction from Spatholobus suberectus dunn inhibits the inflammatory response by regulating microglia activation, switching microglia polarization from M1 to M2 and suppressing the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells |
| title_short | An active fraction from Spatholobus suberectus dunn inhibits the inflammatory response by regulating microglia activation, switching microglia polarization from M1 to M2 and suppressing the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells |
| title_sort | active fraction from spatholobus suberectus dunn inhibits the inflammatory response by regulating microglia activation switching microglia polarization from m1 to m2 and suppressing the tlr4 myd88 nf κb pathway in lps stimulated bv2 cells |
| topic | Neuroinflammation Neurodegenerative disorders Microglia ASSD TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023021862 |
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