Unravelling the complex causal effects of substance use behaviours on common diseases
Abstract Background Substance use behaviours (SUB) including smoking, alcohol consumption, and coffee intake are associated with many health outcomes. However, whether the health effects of SUB are causal remains controversial, especially for alcohol consumption and coffee intake. Methods In this st...
| المؤلفون الرئيسيون: | , , , , , , |
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| التنسيق: | مقال |
| اللغة: | English |
| منشور في: |
Nature Portfolio
2024-03-01
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| سلاسل: | Communications Medicine |
| الوصول للمادة أونلاين: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-024-00473-3 |