Microbiological Survey of 47 Permanent Makeup Inks Available in the United States

In two previous surveys, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) identified microbial contamination in 53 of 112 (47%) unopened tattoo inks and tattoo-ink-related products (e.g., diluents) from 15 manufacturers in the U.S. In this study, we primarily focused our microbiological survey on permane...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Sunghyun Yoon, Sandeep Kondakala, Seong Won Nho, Mi Sun Moon, Mei Chiung J. Huang, Goran Periz, Ohgew Kweon, Seongjae Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-04-01
Series:Microorganisms
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/4/820