Biological Functions of Type II Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Bacteria

Biological Functions of Type II Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Bacteria

After the first discovery in the 1980s in F-plasmids as a plasmid maintenance system, a myriad of toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems has been identified in bacterial chromosomes and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including plasmids and bacteriophages. TA systems are small genetic modules that encode a to...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Muhammad Kamruzzaman, Alma Y. Wu, Jonathan R. Iredell
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-06-01
Series:Microorganisms
Subjects:
toxin-antitoxin system
mobile genetic elements
stress response
plasmid maintenance
bacteria virulence
biofilm
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/6/1276

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https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/6/1276

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