The role of TDP-43 protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease where both upper and lower motoneurons are damaged. Even though the pathogenesis of ALS is unclear, the TDP-43 aggregations and non-nuclear localization may be crucial to understanding this process. Despite intensive res...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Poznan University of Medical Sciences
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Medical Science |
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| Online Access: | https://jms.ump.edu.pl/index.php/JMS/article/view/710 |
| _version_ | 1797974657450639360 |
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| author | Piotr Włodarczyk Mikołaj Witczak Agnieszka Gajewska Tomasz Chady Igor Piotrowski |
| author_facet | Piotr Włodarczyk Mikołaj Witczak Agnieszka Gajewska Tomasz Chady Igor Piotrowski |
| author_sort | Piotr Włodarczyk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease where both upper and lower motoneurons are damaged. Even though the pathogenesis of ALS is unclear, the TDP-43 aggregations and non-nuclear localization may be crucial to understanding this process. Despite intensive research on ALS therapies, only two lifespan-prolonging medications have been approved: Riluzole and Edaravone. Unravelling the TDP-43 pathology could help develop new ALS therapies using mechanisms such as inhibition of nuclear export, autophagy, chaperones, or antisense oligonucleotides. Selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINEs) are drugs that block Exportin 1 (XPO1) and cause the accumulation of not exported molecules inside the nucleus. SINEs that target XPO1 are shown to slightly extend the survival of neurons and soften motor symptoms. Dysfunctional proteins, including TDP-43, can be eliminated through autophagocytosis, which is regulated by the mTOR kinase. Stimulating the elimination of protein deposits may be an effective ALS therapy. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) are single-stranded, synthetic oligonucleotides that can bind and modulate specific RNA: via ribonuclease H, inducing their degradation or inducing alternative splicing via blocking primary RNA transcripts. Current ASOs therapies used in ALS focus on SOD1, C9ORF72, FUS, and ATXN2, and they may be used to slow the ALS progression. Reversing the aggregation is a promising therapeutic strategy. Chaperones control other proteins' quality and protect them against stress factors. Due to the irreversible character of ALS, it is essential to understand its complicated pathology better and to seek new therapies.
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| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T04:23:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e26072b7f9fb46708a1e2a02da823401 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2353-9798 2353-9801 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T04:23:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Poznan University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Medical Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-e26072b7f9fb46708a1e2a02da8234012022-12-30T11:05:49ZengPoznan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Medical Science2353-97982353-98012022-12-0191410.20883/medical.e710The role of TDP-43 protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosisPiotr Włodarczyk0Mikołaj Witczak1Agnieszka Gajewska2Tomasz Chady3Igor Piotrowski4Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, PolandFaculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, PolandFaculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, PolandFaculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, PolandDepartment of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Radiobiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poland Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease where both upper and lower motoneurons are damaged. Even though the pathogenesis of ALS is unclear, the TDP-43 aggregations and non-nuclear localization may be crucial to understanding this process. Despite intensive research on ALS therapies, only two lifespan-prolonging medications have been approved: Riluzole and Edaravone. Unravelling the TDP-43 pathology could help develop new ALS therapies using mechanisms such as inhibition of nuclear export, autophagy, chaperones, or antisense oligonucleotides. Selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINEs) are drugs that block Exportin 1 (XPO1) and cause the accumulation of not exported molecules inside the nucleus. SINEs that target XPO1 are shown to slightly extend the survival of neurons and soften motor symptoms. Dysfunctional proteins, including TDP-43, can be eliminated through autophagocytosis, which is regulated by the mTOR kinase. Stimulating the elimination of protein deposits may be an effective ALS therapy. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) are single-stranded, synthetic oligonucleotides that can bind and modulate specific RNA: via ribonuclease H, inducing their degradation or inducing alternative splicing via blocking primary RNA transcripts. Current ASOs therapies used in ALS focus on SOD1, C9ORF72, FUS, and ATXN2, and they may be used to slow the ALS progression. Reversing the aggregation is a promising therapeutic strategy. Chaperones control other proteins' quality and protect them against stress factors. Due to the irreversible character of ALS, it is essential to understand its complicated pathology better and to seek new therapies. https://jms.ump.edu.pl/index.php/JMS/article/view/710Amyotrophic lateral sclerosisALSTDP-43SINEAntisense oligonucleotidesChaperones |
| spellingShingle | Piotr Włodarczyk Mikołaj Witczak Agnieszka Gajewska Tomasz Chady Igor Piotrowski The role of TDP-43 protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Journal of Medical Science Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS TDP-43 SINE Antisense oligonucleotides Chaperones |
| title | The role of TDP-43 protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| title_full | The role of TDP-43 protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| title_fullStr | The role of TDP-43 protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The role of TDP-43 protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| title_short | The role of TDP-43 protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| title_sort | role of tdp 43 protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| topic | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS TDP-43 SINE Antisense oligonucleotides Chaperones |
| url | https://jms.ump.edu.pl/index.php/JMS/article/view/710 |
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