Pharmacological Potential and Chemical Composition of <i>Crocus sativus</i> Leaf Extracts
<i>Crocus sativus</i> L. (saffron) has been traditionally used as a food coloring or flavoring agent, but recent research has shown its potent pharmacological activity to tackle several health-related conditions. <i>Crocus</i> sp. leaves, and petals are the by-products of saf...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/1/10 |
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| author | Olha Mykhailenko Vilma Petrikaite Michal Korinek Fang-Rong Chang Mohamed El-Shazly Chia-Hung Yen Ivan Bezruk Bing-Hung Chen Chung-Fan Hsieh Dmytro Lytkin Liudas Ivanauskas Victoriya Georgiyants Tsong-Long Hwang |
| author_facet | Olha Mykhailenko Vilma Petrikaite Michal Korinek Fang-Rong Chang Mohamed El-Shazly Chia-Hung Yen Ivan Bezruk Bing-Hung Chen Chung-Fan Hsieh Dmytro Lytkin Liudas Ivanauskas Victoriya Georgiyants Tsong-Long Hwang |
| author_sort | Olha Mykhailenko |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Crocus sativus</i> L. (saffron) has been traditionally used as a food coloring or flavoring agent, but recent research has shown its potent pharmacological activity to tackle several health-related conditions. <i>Crocus</i> sp. leaves, and petals are the by-products of saffron production and are not usually used in the medicine or food industries. The present study was designed to determine the chemical composition of the water and ethanolic extracts of <i>C. sativus</i> leaves and test their cytotoxic activity against melanoma (IGR39) and triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell lines by MTT assay. We also determined their anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral activities. HPLC fingerprint analysis showed the presence of 16 compounds, including hydroxycinnamic acids, xanthones, flavonoids, and isoflavonoids, which could contribute to the extracts’ biological activities. For the first time, compounds such as tectoridin, iristectorigenin B, nigricin, and irigenin were identified in <i>Crocus</i> leaf extracts. The results showed that mangiferin (up to 2 mg/g dry weight) and isoorientin (8.5 mg/g dry weight) were the major active ingredients in the leaf extracts. The ethanolic extract reduced the viability of IGR39 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells with EC<sub>50</sub> = 410 ± 100 and 330 ± 40 µg/mL, respectively. It was more active than the aqueous extract. Kaempferol and quercetin were identified as the most active compounds. Our results showed that <i>Crocus</i> leaves contain secondary metabolites with potent cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:32:20Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:32:20Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-e2f73287cc4347cabd7cbe255ea69d002023-11-23T11:55:19ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-12-012711010.3390/molecules27010010Pharmacological Potential and Chemical Composition of <i>Crocus sativus</i> Leaf ExtractsOlha Mykhailenko0Vilma Petrikaite1Michal Korinek2Fang-Rong Chang3Mohamed El-Shazly4Chia-Hung Yen5Ivan Bezruk6Bing-Hung Chen7Chung-Fan Hsieh8Dmytro Lytkin9Liudas Ivanauskas10Victoriya Georgiyants11Tsong-Long Hwang12Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine, 4-Valentinivska St., 61168 Kharkiv, UkraineLaboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių pr. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, LithuaniaGraduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, TaiwanDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abassia, Cairo 11566, EgyptGraduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, TaiwanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine, 4-Valentinivska St., 61168 Kharkiv, UkraineDepartment of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, TaiwanDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, TaiwanEducational and Scientific Institute of Applied Pharmacy, National University of Pharmacy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine, 12-Kylikivska St., 61000 Kharkiv, UkraineDepartment of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickevičiaus g. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, LithuaniaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine, 4-Valentinivska St., 61168 Kharkiv, UkraineGraduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan<i>Crocus sativus</i> L. (saffron) has been traditionally used as a food coloring or flavoring agent, but recent research has shown its potent pharmacological activity to tackle several health-related conditions. <i>Crocus</i> sp. leaves, and petals are the by-products of saffron production and are not usually used in the medicine or food industries. The present study was designed to determine the chemical composition of the water and ethanolic extracts of <i>C. sativus</i> leaves and test their cytotoxic activity against melanoma (IGR39) and triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell lines by MTT assay. We also determined their anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral activities. HPLC fingerprint analysis showed the presence of 16 compounds, including hydroxycinnamic acids, xanthones, flavonoids, and isoflavonoids, which could contribute to the extracts’ biological activities. For the first time, compounds such as tectoridin, iristectorigenin B, nigricin, and irigenin were identified in <i>Crocus</i> leaf extracts. The results showed that mangiferin (up to 2 mg/g dry weight) and isoorientin (8.5 mg/g dry weight) were the major active ingredients in the leaf extracts. The ethanolic extract reduced the viability of IGR39 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells with EC<sub>50</sub> = 410 ± 100 and 330 ± 40 µg/mL, respectively. It was more active than the aqueous extract. Kaempferol and quercetin were identified as the most active compounds. Our results showed that <i>Crocus</i> leaves contain secondary metabolites with potent cytotoxic and antioxidant activities.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/1/10<i>Crocus sativus</i>cytotoxic activityfree radical scavenging activityHPLC fingerprintanti-allergic activityanti-inflammatory activity |
| spellingShingle | Olha Mykhailenko Vilma Petrikaite Michal Korinek Fang-Rong Chang Mohamed El-Shazly Chia-Hung Yen Ivan Bezruk Bing-Hung Chen Chung-Fan Hsieh Dmytro Lytkin Liudas Ivanauskas Victoriya Georgiyants Tsong-Long Hwang Pharmacological Potential and Chemical Composition of <i>Crocus sativus</i> Leaf Extracts Molecules <i>Crocus sativus</i> cytotoxic activity free radical scavenging activity HPLC fingerprint anti-allergic activity anti-inflammatory activity |
| title | Pharmacological Potential and Chemical Composition of <i>Crocus sativus</i> Leaf Extracts |
| title_full | Pharmacological Potential and Chemical Composition of <i>Crocus sativus</i> Leaf Extracts |
| title_fullStr | Pharmacological Potential and Chemical Composition of <i>Crocus sativus</i> Leaf Extracts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pharmacological Potential and Chemical Composition of <i>Crocus sativus</i> Leaf Extracts |
| title_short | Pharmacological Potential and Chemical Composition of <i>Crocus sativus</i> Leaf Extracts |
| title_sort | pharmacological potential and chemical composition of i crocus sativus i leaf extracts |
| topic | <i>Crocus sativus</i> cytotoxic activity free radical scavenging activity HPLC fingerprint anti-allergic activity anti-inflammatory activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/1/10 |
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