Assessment of peripheral biomarkers potentially involved in episodic and chronic migraine: a case-control study with a focus on NGF, BDNF, VEGF, and PGE2
Abstract Background Several inflammatory and vascular molecules, and neurotrophins have been suggested to have a possible role in the development of migraine. However, pathophysiological events leading to migraine onset and transformation of episodic migraine (EM) to chronic migraine (CM) are not fu...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-01-01
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| Series: | The Journal of Headache and Pain |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-021-01377-6 |
| _version_ | 1818941705549774848 |
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| author | Mohammad Mozafarihashjin Mansoureh Togha Zeinab Ghorbani Abolfazl Farbod Pegah Rafiee Fahimeh Martami |
| author_facet | Mohammad Mozafarihashjin Mansoureh Togha Zeinab Ghorbani Abolfazl Farbod Pegah Rafiee Fahimeh Martami |
| author_sort | Mohammad Mozafarihashjin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Several inflammatory and vascular molecules, and neurotrophins have been suggested to have a possible role in the development of migraine. However, pathophysiological events leading to migraine onset and transformation of episodic migraine (EM) to chronic migraine (CM) are not fully understood. Thus, we aimed to assess peripheral levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in EM and CM patients, and controls. Methods From September 2017 to June 2020, 89 subjects were enrolled in a case-control study; 23 and 36 EM and CM patients, respectively, and 30 age and sex-matched controls. Demographic data and medical history were obtained from all patients. Headache characteristics were recorded at baseline visit and ensuing 30 days for persons with migraine disease. Serum levels of NGF, BDNF, VEGF, and PGE2 were measured once for controls and EM and CM patients, and adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index. Results Serum levels of NGF were significantly lower in EM patients compared to controls and CM patients (P-value=0.003 and 0.042, respectively). Serum levels of BDNF were significantly lower in EM and CM patients as opposed to controls (P-value<0.001), but comparable between EM and CM patients (P-value=0.715). Peripheral blood levels of VEGF were significantly higher in EM and CM patients as opposed to controls (P-value<0.001), but not different between EM and CM patients (P-value=0.859). Serum levels of PGE2 were significantly lower in EM patients compared to controls (P-value=0.011), however similar between EM and CM patients (P-value=0.086). In migraine patients, serum levels of NGF and PGE2 positively correlated with headache frequency (NGF: ρ = 0.476 and P-value<0.001; PGE2: ρ = 0.286 and P-value=0.028), while corresponding levels of BDNF and VEGF did not correlate with headache frequency (BDNF: ρ = 0.037 and P-value=0.778; VEGF: ρ= -0.025 and P-value=0.850). Conclusions Our findings suggest that NGF, BDNF, PGE2, and VEGF may play a significant role in migraine pathogenesis and/or chronification, and therefore might bear potential value for novel targeted abortive and prophylactic migraine therapy. Further prospective cohort studies with larger sample sizes can more robustly evaluate the implications of these findings. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T06:59:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e35661576c3d4c6e8df15415fe0e0365 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1129-2369 1129-2377 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T06:59:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Journal of Headache and Pain |
| spelling | doaj.art-e35661576c3d4c6e8df15415fe0e03652022-12-21T19:49:14ZengBMCThe Journal of Headache and Pain1129-23691129-23772022-01-0123111210.1186/s10194-021-01377-6Assessment of peripheral biomarkers potentially involved in episodic and chronic migraine: a case-control study with a focus on NGF, BDNF, VEGF, and PGE2Mohammad Mozafarihashjin0Mansoureh Togha1Zeinab Ghorbani2Abolfazl Farbod3Pegah Rafiee4Fahimeh Martami5Headache Department, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesHeadache Department, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesCardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Heshmat Hospital, Guilan University of Medical SciencesHeadache Department, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesHeadache Department, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesHeadache Department, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Several inflammatory and vascular molecules, and neurotrophins have been suggested to have a possible role in the development of migraine. However, pathophysiological events leading to migraine onset and transformation of episodic migraine (EM) to chronic migraine (CM) are not fully understood. Thus, we aimed to assess peripheral levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in EM and CM patients, and controls. Methods From September 2017 to June 2020, 89 subjects were enrolled in a case-control study; 23 and 36 EM and CM patients, respectively, and 30 age and sex-matched controls. Demographic data and medical history were obtained from all patients. Headache characteristics were recorded at baseline visit and ensuing 30 days for persons with migraine disease. Serum levels of NGF, BDNF, VEGF, and PGE2 were measured once for controls and EM and CM patients, and adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index. Results Serum levels of NGF were significantly lower in EM patients compared to controls and CM patients (P-value=0.003 and 0.042, respectively). Serum levels of BDNF were significantly lower in EM and CM patients as opposed to controls (P-value<0.001), but comparable between EM and CM patients (P-value=0.715). Peripheral blood levels of VEGF were significantly higher in EM and CM patients as opposed to controls (P-value<0.001), but not different between EM and CM patients (P-value=0.859). Serum levels of PGE2 were significantly lower in EM patients compared to controls (P-value=0.011), however similar between EM and CM patients (P-value=0.086). In migraine patients, serum levels of NGF and PGE2 positively correlated with headache frequency (NGF: ρ = 0.476 and P-value<0.001; PGE2: ρ = 0.286 and P-value=0.028), while corresponding levels of BDNF and VEGF did not correlate with headache frequency (BDNF: ρ = 0.037 and P-value=0.778; VEGF: ρ= -0.025 and P-value=0.850). Conclusions Our findings suggest that NGF, BDNF, PGE2, and VEGF may play a significant role in migraine pathogenesis and/or chronification, and therefore might bear potential value for novel targeted abortive and prophylactic migraine therapy. Further prospective cohort studies with larger sample sizes can more robustly evaluate the implications of these findings.https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-021-01377-6HeadacheMigraineBiomarkerNerve growth factorBrain-derived neurotrophic factorVascular endothelial growth factor |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Mozafarihashjin Mansoureh Togha Zeinab Ghorbani Abolfazl Farbod Pegah Rafiee Fahimeh Martami Assessment of peripheral biomarkers potentially involved in episodic and chronic migraine: a case-control study with a focus on NGF, BDNF, VEGF, and PGE2 The Journal of Headache and Pain Headache Migraine Biomarker Nerve growth factor Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Vascular endothelial growth factor |
| title | Assessment of peripheral biomarkers potentially involved in episodic and chronic migraine: a case-control study with a focus on NGF, BDNF, VEGF, and PGE2 |
| title_full | Assessment of peripheral biomarkers potentially involved in episodic and chronic migraine: a case-control study with a focus on NGF, BDNF, VEGF, and PGE2 |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of peripheral biomarkers potentially involved in episodic and chronic migraine: a case-control study with a focus on NGF, BDNF, VEGF, and PGE2 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of peripheral biomarkers potentially involved in episodic and chronic migraine: a case-control study with a focus on NGF, BDNF, VEGF, and PGE2 |
| title_short | Assessment of peripheral biomarkers potentially involved in episodic and chronic migraine: a case-control study with a focus on NGF, BDNF, VEGF, and PGE2 |
| title_sort | assessment of peripheral biomarkers potentially involved in episodic and chronic migraine a case control study with a focus on ngf bdnf vegf and pge2 |
| topic | Headache Migraine Biomarker Nerve growth factor Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Vascular endothelial growth factor |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-021-01377-6 |
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