The Changes in Nickel and Chromium Ion Levels in Saliva with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances: A Systematic Review
Fixed orthodontic appliances (braces systems) contain variable amounts of nickel and chromium, which can lead to immune responses and allergic reactions. The objective of the present review was to evaluate the changes in the quantity of nickel and chromium in saliva among patients wearing braces sys...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/8/4739 |