The role, relevance and management of immune exhaustion in bovine infectious diseases
Immune exhaustion is a state of immune cell dysfunction that occurs most commonly following chronic exposure to an antigen which persists after the immune response fails to remove it. Exhaustion has been studied most thoroughly with several cancers, but has also been observed in several chronic infe...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024046942 |
| _version_ | 1827295930186989568 |
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| author | Shalini Sharma Naveen Kumar Barry T. Rouse Khushbu Sharma Kundan Kumar Chaubey ShoorVir Singh Praveen Kumar Pradeep Kumar |
| author_facet | Shalini Sharma Naveen Kumar Barry T. Rouse Khushbu Sharma Kundan Kumar Chaubey ShoorVir Singh Praveen Kumar Pradeep Kumar |
| author_sort | Shalini Sharma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Immune exhaustion is a state of immune cell dysfunction that occurs most commonly following chronic exposure to an antigen which persists after the immune response fails to remove it. Exhaustion has been studied most thoroughly with several cancers, but has also been observed in several chronic infectious diseases. The topic has mainly been studied with CD8+ T cells, but it can also occur with CD4+ T cells and other immune cell types too. Exhaustion is characterized by a hierarchical loss of effector cell functions, up-regulation of immuno-inhibitory receptors, disruption of metabolic activities, and altered chromatin landscapes. Exhaustion has received minimal attention so far in diseases of veterinary significance and this review's purpose is to describe examples where immune exhaustion is occurring in several bovine disease situations. We also describe methodology to evaluate immune exhaustion as well as the prospects of controlling exhaustion and achieving a more suitable outcome of therapy in some chronic disease scenarios. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T14:28:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e3e05b89960a46f686f634a2bbbc2f68 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T14:28:25Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-e3e05b89960a46f686f634a2bbbc2f682024-04-03T04:26:59ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402024-04-01107e28663The role, relevance and management of immune exhaustion in bovine infectious diseasesShalini Sharma0Naveen Kumar1Barry T. Rouse2Khushbu Sharma3Kundan Kumar Chaubey4ShoorVir Singh5Praveen Kumar6Pradeep Kumar7Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India; Corresponding author.National Center for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-NRC on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, IndiaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0845, USADepartment of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sanskriti University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, 281 401, IndiaDepartment of Bio-technology, GLA University, Post-Chaumuhan, Dist. Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, 281 406, IndiaDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, IndiaDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, IndiaImmune exhaustion is a state of immune cell dysfunction that occurs most commonly following chronic exposure to an antigen which persists after the immune response fails to remove it. Exhaustion has been studied most thoroughly with several cancers, but has also been observed in several chronic infectious diseases. The topic has mainly been studied with CD8+ T cells, but it can also occur with CD4+ T cells and other immune cell types too. Exhaustion is characterized by a hierarchical loss of effector cell functions, up-regulation of immuno-inhibitory receptors, disruption of metabolic activities, and altered chromatin landscapes. Exhaustion has received minimal attention so far in diseases of veterinary significance and this review's purpose is to describe examples where immune exhaustion is occurring in several bovine disease situations. We also describe methodology to evaluate immune exhaustion as well as the prospects of controlling exhaustion and achieving a more suitable outcome of therapy in some chronic disease scenarios.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024046942ImmuneExhaustionBovineImmuno-inhibitory receptorsCytokinesT cells-CD4 and CD8 |
| spellingShingle | Shalini Sharma Naveen Kumar Barry T. Rouse Khushbu Sharma Kundan Kumar Chaubey ShoorVir Singh Praveen Kumar Pradeep Kumar The role, relevance and management of immune exhaustion in bovine infectious diseases Heliyon Immune Exhaustion Bovine Immuno-inhibitory receptors Cytokines T cells-CD4 and CD8 |
| title | The role, relevance and management of immune exhaustion in bovine infectious diseases |
| title_full | The role, relevance and management of immune exhaustion in bovine infectious diseases |
| title_fullStr | The role, relevance and management of immune exhaustion in bovine infectious diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | The role, relevance and management of immune exhaustion in bovine infectious diseases |
| title_short | The role, relevance and management of immune exhaustion in bovine infectious diseases |
| title_sort | role relevance and management of immune exhaustion in bovine infectious diseases |
| topic | Immune Exhaustion Bovine Immuno-inhibitory receptors Cytokines T cells-CD4 and CD8 |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024046942 |
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