Dietary Choline and Betaine Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in an Iranian Population
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing in low- and middle-income countries, likely due to changing lifestyle habits, including diet. We aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary betaine, choline, and choline-containing compounds and CRC risk. Methods: We analyzed data from a c...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/9/2557 |
| _version_ | 1797602942909415424 |
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| author | Monireh Sadat Seyyedsalehi Marta Rossi Maryam Hadji Hamideh Rashidian Maryam Marzban Maria Parpinel Federica Fiori Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami Yusuf A. Hannun Chiara Luberto Kazem Zendehdel Paolo Boffetta |
| author_facet | Monireh Sadat Seyyedsalehi Marta Rossi Maryam Hadji Hamideh Rashidian Maryam Marzban Maria Parpinel Federica Fiori Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami Yusuf A. Hannun Chiara Luberto Kazem Zendehdel Paolo Boffetta |
| author_sort | Monireh Sadat Seyyedsalehi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing in low- and middle-income countries, likely due to changing lifestyle habits, including diet. We aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary betaine, choline, and choline-containing compounds and CRC risk. Methods: We analyzed data from a case–control study, including 865 CRC cases and 3206 controls from Iran. Detailed information was collected by trained interviewers using validated questionnaires. The intake of free choline, phosphocholine (Pcho), glycerophosphocholine (GPC), phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), and sphingomyelin (SM), as well as of betaine was estimated from food frequency questionnaires and categorized into quartiles. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of CRC for choline and betaine quartiles were calculated using multivariate logistic regression by adjusting for potential confounders. Results: We observed excess risk of CRC in the highest versus lowest intake of total choline (OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.13, 1.33), GPC (OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.00, 1.27), and SM (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.01, 1.28). The intake of betaine exerted an inverse association with CRC risk (OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.83, 0.99). There was no association between free choline, Pcho, PtdCho, and CRC. Analyses stratified by gender showed an elevated OR of CRC in men for SM intake OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.03, 1.40) and a significantly decreased CRC risk in women for betaine intake (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.73, 0.97). Conclusion: Dietary modifications leading to an increase in betaine sources and managing the use of animal products as references for SM or other choline types might contribute to decreasing the risk of CRC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:22:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e4f02d24565b42d0ac9a03dfc410edae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:22:41Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-e4f02d24565b42d0ac9a03dfc410edae2023-11-17T22:41:23ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942023-04-01159255710.3390/cancers15092557Dietary Choline and Betaine Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in an Iranian PopulationMonireh Sadat Seyyedsalehi0Marta Rossi1Maryam Hadji2Hamideh Rashidian3Maryam Marzban4Maria Parpinel5Federica Fiori6Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami7Yusuf A. Hannun8Chiara Luberto9Kazem Zendehdel10Paolo Boffetta11Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, ItalyThe Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, ItalyCancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 5166614711, IranCancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 5166614711, IranDepartment of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3640, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, ItalyDepartment of Medicine, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, ItalyModeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7619833477, IranStony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, New York, NY 11794, USAStony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, New York, NY 11794, USACancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 5166614711, IranDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, ItalyBackground: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing in low- and middle-income countries, likely due to changing lifestyle habits, including diet. We aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary betaine, choline, and choline-containing compounds and CRC risk. Methods: We analyzed data from a case–control study, including 865 CRC cases and 3206 controls from Iran. Detailed information was collected by trained interviewers using validated questionnaires. The intake of free choline, phosphocholine (Pcho), glycerophosphocholine (GPC), phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), and sphingomyelin (SM), as well as of betaine was estimated from food frequency questionnaires and categorized into quartiles. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of CRC for choline and betaine quartiles were calculated using multivariate logistic regression by adjusting for potential confounders. Results: We observed excess risk of CRC in the highest versus lowest intake of total choline (OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.13, 1.33), GPC (OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.00, 1.27), and SM (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.01, 1.28). The intake of betaine exerted an inverse association with CRC risk (OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.83, 0.99). There was no association between free choline, Pcho, PtdCho, and CRC. Analyses stratified by gender showed an elevated OR of CRC in men for SM intake OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.03, 1.40) and a significantly decreased CRC risk in women for betaine intake (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.73, 0.97). Conclusion: Dietary modifications leading to an increase in betaine sources and managing the use of animal products as references for SM or other choline types might contribute to decreasing the risk of CRC.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/9/2557cholinecolorectal cancerphosphocholinesphingomyelincarcinogenbetaine |
| spellingShingle | Monireh Sadat Seyyedsalehi Marta Rossi Maryam Hadji Hamideh Rashidian Maryam Marzban Maria Parpinel Federica Fiori Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami Yusuf A. Hannun Chiara Luberto Kazem Zendehdel Paolo Boffetta Dietary Choline and Betaine Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in an Iranian Population Cancers choline colorectal cancer phosphocholine sphingomyelin carcinogen betaine |
| title | Dietary Choline and Betaine Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in an Iranian Population |
| title_full | Dietary Choline and Betaine Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in an Iranian Population |
| title_fullStr | Dietary Choline and Betaine Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in an Iranian Population |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dietary Choline and Betaine Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in an Iranian Population |
| title_short | Dietary Choline and Betaine Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in an Iranian Population |
| title_sort | dietary choline and betaine intake and risk of colorectal cancer in an iranian population |
| topic | choline colorectal cancer phosphocholine sphingomyelin carcinogen betaine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/9/2557 |
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