Forage Mass and Nutritive Value of Grain- and Forage-Type Soybean Cultivars Managed under Different Row Spacings and Clipping Heights
Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L.) is a high value crop that has been used as a forage since the early 1900s in the southern U.S. (e.g., Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida). Renewed interest has increased the use of soybean as a viable and economical high protein alt...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/2/487 |
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| author | Serena J. Thompson Jenny Koebernick Liliane S. Silva Mary K. Mullenix Courtney Heaton Russell C. Carrell Sandra L. Dillard |
| author_facet | Serena J. Thompson Jenny Koebernick Liliane S. Silva Mary K. Mullenix Courtney Heaton Russell C. Carrell Sandra L. Dillard |
| author_sort | Serena J. Thompson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L.) is a high value crop that has been used as a forage since the early 1900s in the southern U.S. (e.g., Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida). Renewed interest has increased the use of soybean as a viable and economical high protein alternative to forage growers in the southern region. The objective of this study was to determine herbage mass (HM) and nutritive value of forage soybean managed under two row spacing (36 and 72 cm) and three stubble heights (10, 15, and 20 cm). Five cultivars were used ‘Stonewall’, ‘Laredo’, ‘Tower of Leaves’, Asgrow<sup>®</sup> ‘AG64X8’, and Asgrow<sup>®</sup> ‘AG79X9’ and sown at two locations (Shorter and Headland, AL). Forage was harvested in July and August during both years and HM was determined. Crude protein (CP) and fiber fractions were determined using near-infrared spectroscopy. Years and location did vary, but overall, Stonewall had the greatest (<i>p</i> < 0.026) HM (1706 kg DM ha<sup>−1</sup>) with a high nutritive value (124 g CP kg<sup>−1</sup>, 449 g NDF kg<sup>−1</sup>, and 372 g ADF kg<sup>−1</sup>). Laredo had the lowest HM (1169 kg DM ha<sup>−1</sup>; <i>p</i> < 0.025). The 10 cm stubble height resulted in increased HM (1898 kg DM ha<sup>−1</sup>; <i>p</i> < 0.0001) but decreased nutritive value (149 g CP kg<sup>−1</sup>; 331 g ADF kg<sup>−1</sup>; 413 g NDF kg<sup>−1</sup>; <i>p</i> = 0.001) compared to 20 cm (179, 282, and 375 g kg<sup>−1</sup> for CP, ADF, and NDF, respectively). Row spacing did not consistently influence either HM or nutritive values. Due to its relatively good nutritive value and HM, forage soybean should be considered as a monoculture or in a mixed sward with other warm-season annual forages for inclusion in forage-based livestock diets. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:17:24Z |
| format | Article |
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| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:17:24Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e523c0ac23e144deb5c23a5d1d3fb8502023-11-16T18:35:19ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-02-0113248710.3390/agronomy13020487Forage Mass and Nutritive Value of Grain- and Forage-Type Soybean Cultivars Managed under Different Row Spacings and Clipping HeightsSerena J. Thompson0Jenny Koebernick1Liliane S. Silva2Mary K. Mullenix3Courtney Heaton4Russell C. Carrell5Sandra L. Dillard6Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USADepartment of Crop, Soil & Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USADepartment of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Blackville, SC 29817, USADepartment of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USADepartment of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USADepartment of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USADepartment of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USASoybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L.) is a high value crop that has been used as a forage since the early 1900s in the southern U.S. (e.g., Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida). Renewed interest has increased the use of soybean as a viable and economical high protein alternative to forage growers in the southern region. The objective of this study was to determine herbage mass (HM) and nutritive value of forage soybean managed under two row spacing (36 and 72 cm) and three stubble heights (10, 15, and 20 cm). Five cultivars were used ‘Stonewall’, ‘Laredo’, ‘Tower of Leaves’, Asgrow<sup>®</sup> ‘AG64X8’, and Asgrow<sup>®</sup> ‘AG79X9’ and sown at two locations (Shorter and Headland, AL). Forage was harvested in July and August during both years and HM was determined. Crude protein (CP) and fiber fractions were determined using near-infrared spectroscopy. Years and location did vary, but overall, Stonewall had the greatest (<i>p</i> < 0.026) HM (1706 kg DM ha<sup>−1</sup>) with a high nutritive value (124 g CP kg<sup>−1</sup>, 449 g NDF kg<sup>−1</sup>, and 372 g ADF kg<sup>−1</sup>). Laredo had the lowest HM (1169 kg DM ha<sup>−1</sup>; <i>p</i> < 0.025). The 10 cm stubble height resulted in increased HM (1898 kg DM ha<sup>−1</sup>; <i>p</i> < 0.0001) but decreased nutritive value (149 g CP kg<sup>−1</sup>; 331 g ADF kg<sup>−1</sup>; 413 g NDF kg<sup>−1</sup>; <i>p</i> = 0.001) compared to 20 cm (179, 282, and 375 g kg<sup>−1</sup> for CP, ADF, and NDF, respectively). Row spacing did not consistently influence either HM or nutritive values. Due to its relatively good nutritive value and HM, forage soybean should be considered as a monoculture or in a mixed sward with other warm-season annual forages for inclusion in forage-based livestock diets.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/2/487<i>Glycine max</i>biomassnutritive value |
| spellingShingle | Serena J. Thompson Jenny Koebernick Liliane S. Silva Mary K. Mullenix Courtney Heaton Russell C. Carrell Sandra L. Dillard Forage Mass and Nutritive Value of Grain- and Forage-Type Soybean Cultivars Managed under Different Row Spacings and Clipping Heights Agronomy <i>Glycine max</i> biomass nutritive value |
| title | Forage Mass and Nutritive Value of Grain- and Forage-Type Soybean Cultivars Managed under Different Row Spacings and Clipping Heights |
| title_full | Forage Mass and Nutritive Value of Grain- and Forage-Type Soybean Cultivars Managed under Different Row Spacings and Clipping Heights |
| title_fullStr | Forage Mass and Nutritive Value of Grain- and Forage-Type Soybean Cultivars Managed under Different Row Spacings and Clipping Heights |
| title_full_unstemmed | Forage Mass and Nutritive Value of Grain- and Forage-Type Soybean Cultivars Managed under Different Row Spacings and Clipping Heights |
| title_short | Forage Mass and Nutritive Value of Grain- and Forage-Type Soybean Cultivars Managed under Different Row Spacings and Clipping Heights |
| title_sort | forage mass and nutritive value of grain and forage type soybean cultivars managed under different row spacings and clipping heights |
| topic | <i>Glycine max</i> biomass nutritive value |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/2/487 |
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