Integrin-Linked Kinase Expression in Human Valve Endothelial Cells Plays a Protective Role in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is highly prevalent during aging. CAVD initiates with endothelial dysfunction, leading to lipid accumulation, inflammation, and osteogenic transformation. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) participates in the progression of cardiovascular diseases, such as endothelial...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/9/1736 |
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| author | Sandra Sánchez-Esteban Mercedes Castro-Pinto Alberto Cook-Calvete Paula Reventún María Delgado-Marín Lucía Benito-Manzanaro Ignacio Hernandez José López-Menendez José Luis Zamorano Carlos Zaragoza Marta Saura |
| author_facet | Sandra Sánchez-Esteban Mercedes Castro-Pinto Alberto Cook-Calvete Paula Reventún María Delgado-Marín Lucía Benito-Manzanaro Ignacio Hernandez José López-Menendez José Luis Zamorano Carlos Zaragoza Marta Saura |
| author_sort | Sandra Sánchez-Esteban |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is highly prevalent during aging. CAVD initiates with endothelial dysfunction, leading to lipid accumulation, inflammation, and osteogenic transformation. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) participates in the progression of cardiovascular diseases, such as endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. However, ILK role in CAVD is unknown. First, we determined that ILK expression is downregulated in aortic valves from patients with CAVD compared to non-CAVD, especially at the valve endothelium, and negatively correlated with calcification markers. Silencing ILK expression in human valve endothelial cells (siILK-hVECs) induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and promoted a switch to an osteoblastic phenotype; SiILK-hVECs expressed increased RUNX2 and developed calcified nodules. siILK-hVECs exhibited decreased NO production and increased nitrosative stress, suggesting valvular endothelial dysfunction. NO treatment of siILK-hVECs prevented VEC transdifferentiation, while treatment with an eNOS inhibitor mimicked ILK-silencing induction of EndMT. Accordingly, NO treatment inhibited VEC calcification. Mechanistically, siILK-hVECs showed increased Smad2 phosphorylation, suggesting a TGF-β-dependent mechanism, and NO treatment decreased Smad2 activation and RUNX2. Experiments performed in eNOS KO mice confirmed the involvement of the ILK-eNOS signaling pathway in valve calcification, since aortic valves from these animals showed decreased ILK expression, increased RUNX2, and calcification. Our study demonstrated that ILK endothelial expression participates in human CAVD development by preventing endothelial osteogenic transformation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:53:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e5774ba84394493794ffeed89128ab43 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:53:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-e5774ba84394493794ffeed89128ab432023-11-23T14:48:07ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212022-08-01119173610.3390/antiox11091736Integrin-Linked Kinase Expression in Human Valve Endothelial Cells Plays a Protective Role in Calcific Aortic Valve DiseaseSandra Sánchez-Esteban0Mercedes Castro-Pinto1Alberto Cook-Calvete2Paula Reventún3María Delgado-Marín4Lucía Benito-Manzanaro5Ignacio Hernandez6José López-Menendez7José Luis Zamorano8Carlos Zaragoza9Marta Saura10Universidad de Alcalá, Dpto Biología de Sistemas/Fisiología, IRYCIS, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, SpainUniversidad de Alcalá, Dpto Biología de Sistemas/Fisiología, IRYCIS, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, SpainUniversidad de Alcalá, Dpto Biología de Sistemas/Fisiología, IRYCIS, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, SpainUniversidad de Alcalá, Dpto Biología de Sistemas/Fisiología, IRYCIS, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, SpainUniversidad de Alcalá, Dpto Biología de Sistemas/Fisiología, IRYCIS, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, SpainUniversidad de Alcalá, Dpto Biología de Sistemas/Fisiología, IRYCIS, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, SpainCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28034 Madrid, SpainHospital Ramón y Cajal, Servicio Cirugía Cardiaca Adultos, 28034 Madrid, SpainCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28034 Madrid, SpainCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28034 Madrid, SpainUniversidad de Alcalá, Dpto Biología de Sistemas/Fisiología, IRYCIS, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, SpainCalcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is highly prevalent during aging. CAVD initiates with endothelial dysfunction, leading to lipid accumulation, inflammation, and osteogenic transformation. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) participates in the progression of cardiovascular diseases, such as endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. However, ILK role in CAVD is unknown. First, we determined that ILK expression is downregulated in aortic valves from patients with CAVD compared to non-CAVD, especially at the valve endothelium, and negatively correlated with calcification markers. Silencing ILK expression in human valve endothelial cells (siILK-hVECs) induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and promoted a switch to an osteoblastic phenotype; SiILK-hVECs expressed increased RUNX2 and developed calcified nodules. siILK-hVECs exhibited decreased NO production and increased nitrosative stress, suggesting valvular endothelial dysfunction. NO treatment of siILK-hVECs prevented VEC transdifferentiation, while treatment with an eNOS inhibitor mimicked ILK-silencing induction of EndMT. Accordingly, NO treatment inhibited VEC calcification. Mechanistically, siILK-hVECs showed increased Smad2 phosphorylation, suggesting a TGF-β-dependent mechanism, and NO treatment decreased Smad2 activation and RUNX2. Experiments performed in eNOS KO mice confirmed the involvement of the ILK-eNOS signaling pathway in valve calcification, since aortic valves from these animals showed decreased ILK expression, increased RUNX2, and calcification. Our study demonstrated that ILK endothelial expression participates in human CAVD development by preventing endothelial osteogenic transformation.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/9/1736ILKnitric oxideEndMTcalcific valve diseaseendothelial dysfunctionaging |
| spellingShingle | Sandra Sánchez-Esteban Mercedes Castro-Pinto Alberto Cook-Calvete Paula Reventún María Delgado-Marín Lucía Benito-Manzanaro Ignacio Hernandez José López-Menendez José Luis Zamorano Carlos Zaragoza Marta Saura Integrin-Linked Kinase Expression in Human Valve Endothelial Cells Plays a Protective Role in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease Antioxidants ILK nitric oxide EndMT calcific valve disease endothelial dysfunction aging |
| title | Integrin-Linked Kinase Expression in Human Valve Endothelial Cells Plays a Protective Role in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease |
| title_full | Integrin-Linked Kinase Expression in Human Valve Endothelial Cells Plays a Protective Role in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease |
| title_fullStr | Integrin-Linked Kinase Expression in Human Valve Endothelial Cells Plays a Protective Role in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integrin-Linked Kinase Expression in Human Valve Endothelial Cells Plays a Protective Role in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease |
| title_short | Integrin-Linked Kinase Expression in Human Valve Endothelial Cells Plays a Protective Role in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease |
| title_sort | integrin linked kinase expression in human valve endothelial cells plays a protective role in calcific aortic valve disease |
| topic | ILK nitric oxide EndMT calcific valve disease endothelial dysfunction aging |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/9/1736 |
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