In Vitro Potent Anticancer, Antifungal, and Antioxidant Efficacy of Walnut (<i>Juglans regia</i> L.) Genotypes
Walnuts are one of the healthiest foods in the world because they are one of the best sources of beneficial nutrients, minerals, and antioxidants. They also contain key sources of energy. Despite several traditional uses, the leaves of <i>Juglans regia</i> L. have received little attenti...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/5/1232 |
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| author | Tabasum Ara Sabeeha Shafi Mohammed Ghazwani Javid Iqbal Mir Abdul Haseeb Shah Raies A. Qadri Abdulrahim R. Hakami Mohammad Khalid Umme Hani Shadma Wahab |
| author_facet | Tabasum Ara Sabeeha Shafi Mohammed Ghazwani Javid Iqbal Mir Abdul Haseeb Shah Raies A. Qadri Abdulrahim R. Hakami Mohammad Khalid Umme Hani Shadma Wahab |
| author_sort | Tabasum Ara |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Walnuts are one of the healthiest foods in the world because they are one of the best sources of beneficial nutrients, minerals, and antioxidants. They also contain key sources of energy. Despite several traditional uses, the leaves of <i>Juglans regia</i> L. have received little attention regarding phytochemical and pharmacological potential. Thus, the current study intended to find the walnut genotypes with the greatest antioxidant, anticancer, and antifungal activity. The total polyphenolic, flavonoid, and flavanol contents of leaves from 14 walnut genotypes were determined. Genotypes that accumulate flavonoid/flavonol contents (99.8–111.93 mg/g quercetin equivalent (QE) and 101.67–111.83 mg/g QE) showed significantly higher ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) activity (128.2–148.1 μM Fe<sup>2+</sup>/g dry weight (DW)] than other genotypes. Maximum divergence in the quercetin content (0.8–1.23 mg/g) of walnut genotypes was obtained by cluster analysis. The active component, quercetin, was measured using RP-HPLC. Moreover, the extracts were investigated for antifungal and anticancer assays. We report the significant antifungal potential of walnut leaf genotypes against <i>Candida glabrata</i>, <i>Candida albicans</i>, and <i>Candida tropicalis</i>, with 57.7–93.6%, 26.8–51.5%, and 26.8–51.5% inhibition, respectively. The most significant antiproliferative effect was shown by <i>Opex Culchry</i>, which exhibited 9.4% cell viability at a concentration of 25 µL (0.75 mg) against lung (A549) cell lines. <i>Chenovo</i> exhibited 2.9, 6.2, and 2.2% cell viability, <i>Opex Culchry</i> exhibited 2, 1.5, and 2.4% cell viability, and <i>Sulieman</i> showed 7.6, 0.9, and 7% cell viability against the colon (HCT116) cell lines. The results showed that walnut leaves possess enormous potential as antioxidants, and as anticancer and antifungal agents. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:02:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e68cab3cc1364497b5091e03c0029bdd |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:02:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e68cab3cc1364497b5091e03c0029bdd2023-11-18T00:05:03ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-04-01135123210.3390/agronomy13051232In Vitro Potent Anticancer, Antifungal, and Antioxidant Efficacy of Walnut (<i>Juglans regia</i> L.) GenotypesTabasum Ara0Sabeeha Shafi1Mohammed Ghazwani2Javid Iqbal Mir3Abdul Haseeb Shah4Raies A. Qadri5Abdulrahim R. Hakami6Mohammad Khalid7Umme Hani8Shadma Wahab9Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, IndiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, IndiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi ArabiaICAR-Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Rangreth, Srinagar 190006, IndiaDepartment of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, IndiaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 3665, Abha 61481, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi ArabiaWalnuts are one of the healthiest foods in the world because they are one of the best sources of beneficial nutrients, minerals, and antioxidants. They also contain key sources of energy. Despite several traditional uses, the leaves of <i>Juglans regia</i> L. have received little attention regarding phytochemical and pharmacological potential. Thus, the current study intended to find the walnut genotypes with the greatest antioxidant, anticancer, and antifungal activity. The total polyphenolic, flavonoid, and flavanol contents of leaves from 14 walnut genotypes were determined. Genotypes that accumulate flavonoid/flavonol contents (99.8–111.93 mg/g quercetin equivalent (QE) and 101.67–111.83 mg/g QE) showed significantly higher ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) activity (128.2–148.1 μM Fe<sup>2+</sup>/g dry weight (DW)] than other genotypes. Maximum divergence in the quercetin content (0.8–1.23 mg/g) of walnut genotypes was obtained by cluster analysis. The active component, quercetin, was measured using RP-HPLC. Moreover, the extracts were investigated for antifungal and anticancer assays. We report the significant antifungal potential of walnut leaf genotypes against <i>Candida glabrata</i>, <i>Candida albicans</i>, and <i>Candida tropicalis</i>, with 57.7–93.6%, 26.8–51.5%, and 26.8–51.5% inhibition, respectively. The most significant antiproliferative effect was shown by <i>Opex Culchry</i>, which exhibited 9.4% cell viability at a concentration of 25 µL (0.75 mg) against lung (A549) cell lines. <i>Chenovo</i> exhibited 2.9, 6.2, and 2.2% cell viability, <i>Opex Culchry</i> exhibited 2, 1.5, and 2.4% cell viability, and <i>Sulieman</i> showed 7.6, 0.9, and 7% cell viability against the colon (HCT116) cell lines. The results showed that walnut leaves possess enormous potential as antioxidants, and as anticancer and antifungal agents.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/5/1232walnutbioactive compoundsphenolicsflavonoidsflavanolsHPLC |
| spellingShingle | Tabasum Ara Sabeeha Shafi Mohammed Ghazwani Javid Iqbal Mir Abdul Haseeb Shah Raies A. Qadri Abdulrahim R. Hakami Mohammad Khalid Umme Hani Shadma Wahab In Vitro Potent Anticancer, Antifungal, and Antioxidant Efficacy of Walnut (<i>Juglans regia</i> L.) Genotypes Agronomy walnut bioactive compounds phenolics flavonoids flavanols HPLC |
| title | In Vitro Potent Anticancer, Antifungal, and Antioxidant Efficacy of Walnut (<i>Juglans regia</i> L.) Genotypes |
| title_full | In Vitro Potent Anticancer, Antifungal, and Antioxidant Efficacy of Walnut (<i>Juglans regia</i> L.) Genotypes |
| title_fullStr | In Vitro Potent Anticancer, Antifungal, and Antioxidant Efficacy of Walnut (<i>Juglans regia</i> L.) Genotypes |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Vitro Potent Anticancer, Antifungal, and Antioxidant Efficacy of Walnut (<i>Juglans regia</i> L.) Genotypes |
| title_short | In Vitro Potent Anticancer, Antifungal, and Antioxidant Efficacy of Walnut (<i>Juglans regia</i> L.) Genotypes |
| title_sort | in vitro potent anticancer antifungal and antioxidant efficacy of walnut i juglans regia i l genotypes |
| topic | walnut bioactive compounds phenolics flavonoids flavanols HPLC |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/5/1232 |
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