Characterization of Purple Carrot Germplasm for Antioxidant Capacity and Root Concentration of Anthocyanins, Phenolics, and Carotenoids
The present study characterized a genetically and phenotypically diverse collection of 27 purple and two non-purple (one orange and one yellow) carrot accessions for concentration of root anthocyanins, phenolics, and carotenoids, and antioxidant capacity estimated by four different methods (ORAC, DP...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/9/1796 |
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| author | María Belén Pérez Sofía Carvajal Vanesa Beretta Florencia Bannoud María Florencia Fangio Federico Berli Ariel Fontana María Victoria Salomón Roxana Gonzalez Lucia Valerga Jorgelina C. Altamirano Mehtap Yildiz Massimo Iorizzo Philipp W. Simon Pablo F. Cavagnaro |
| author_facet | María Belén Pérez Sofía Carvajal Vanesa Beretta Florencia Bannoud María Florencia Fangio Federico Berli Ariel Fontana María Victoria Salomón Roxana Gonzalez Lucia Valerga Jorgelina C. Altamirano Mehtap Yildiz Massimo Iorizzo Philipp W. Simon Pablo F. Cavagnaro |
| author_sort | María Belén Pérez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study characterized a genetically and phenotypically diverse collection of 27 purple and two non-purple (one orange and one yellow) carrot accessions for concentration of root anthocyanins, phenolics, and carotenoids, and antioxidant capacity estimated by four different methods (ORAC, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP), in a partially replicated experimental design comprising data from two growing seasons (2018 and 2019). Broad and significant (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) variation was found among the accessions for all the traits. Acylated anthocyanins (AA) predominated over non-acylated anthocyanins (NAA) in all the accessions and years analyzed, with AA accounting for 55.5–100% of the total anthocyanin content (TAC). Anthocyanins acylated with ferulic acid and coumaric acid were the most abundant carrot anthocyanins. In general, black or solid purple carrots had the greatest TAC and total phenolic content (TPC), and the strongest antioxidant capacities, measured by all methods. Antioxidant capacity, estimated by all methods, was significantly, positively, and moderately-to-strongly correlated with the content of all individual anthocyanins pigments, TAC, and TPC, in both years (r = 0.59–0.90, <i>p</i> < 0.0001), but not with the carotenoid pigments lutein and β-carotene; suggesting that anthocyanins and other phenolics, but not carotenoids, are major contributors of the antioxidant capacity in purple carrots. We identified accessions with high concentration of chemically stable AA, with potential value for the production of food dyes, and accessions with relatively high content of bioavailable NAA that can be selected for increased nutraceutical value (e.g., for fresh consumption). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:10:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e71019c2d75f406f88a86d62e810bb46 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:10:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-e71019c2d75f406f88a86d62e810bb462023-11-17T23:31:50ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-04-01129179610.3390/plants12091796Characterization of Purple Carrot Germplasm for Antioxidant Capacity and Root Concentration of Anthocyanins, Phenolics, and CarotenoidsMaría Belén Pérez0Sofía Carvajal1Vanesa Beretta2Florencia Bannoud3María Florencia Fangio4Federico Berli5Ariel Fontana6María Victoria Salomón7Roxana Gonzalez8Lucia Valerga9Jorgelina C. Altamirano10Mehtap Yildiz11Massimo Iorizzo12Philipp W. Simon13Pablo F. Cavagnaro14Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425, ArgentinaConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425, ArgentinaConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425, ArgentinaConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425, ArgentinaDepartamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas de Mar del Plata, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (CONICET-UNMDP), Mar del Plata B7602, ArgentinaInstituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Almirante Brown 500, Chacras de Coria M5528, ArgentinaInstituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Almirante Brown 500, Chacras de Coria M5528, ArgentinaInstituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Almirante Brown 500, Chacras de Coria M5528, ArgentinaInstituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta, Ex Ruta 40 km 96, La Consulta M5567, ArgentinaConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425, ArgentinaInstituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA, CONICET-UNCuyo-Gobierno de Mendoza), Av. Ruiz Leal s/n, Parque General San Martín, Mendoza M5500, ArgentinaDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65080 Van, TurkeyDepartment of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, 2721 Founders Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USADepartment of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Vegetable Crops Research Unit, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USAConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425, ArgentinaThe present study characterized a genetically and phenotypically diverse collection of 27 purple and two non-purple (one orange and one yellow) carrot accessions for concentration of root anthocyanins, phenolics, and carotenoids, and antioxidant capacity estimated by four different methods (ORAC, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP), in a partially replicated experimental design comprising data from two growing seasons (2018 and 2019). Broad and significant (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) variation was found among the accessions for all the traits. Acylated anthocyanins (AA) predominated over non-acylated anthocyanins (NAA) in all the accessions and years analyzed, with AA accounting for 55.5–100% of the total anthocyanin content (TAC). Anthocyanins acylated with ferulic acid and coumaric acid were the most abundant carrot anthocyanins. In general, black or solid purple carrots had the greatest TAC and total phenolic content (TPC), and the strongest antioxidant capacities, measured by all methods. Antioxidant capacity, estimated by all methods, was significantly, positively, and moderately-to-strongly correlated with the content of all individual anthocyanins pigments, TAC, and TPC, in both years (r = 0.59–0.90, <i>p</i> < 0.0001), but not with the carotenoid pigments lutein and β-carotene; suggesting that anthocyanins and other phenolics, but not carotenoids, are major contributors of the antioxidant capacity in purple carrots. We identified accessions with high concentration of chemically stable AA, with potential value for the production of food dyes, and accessions with relatively high content of bioavailable NAA that can be selected for increased nutraceutical value (e.g., for fresh consumption).https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/9/1796<i>Daucus carota</i>anthocyaninsphenolic compoundscarotenoidsantioxidant capacity |
| spellingShingle | María Belén Pérez Sofía Carvajal Vanesa Beretta Florencia Bannoud María Florencia Fangio Federico Berli Ariel Fontana María Victoria Salomón Roxana Gonzalez Lucia Valerga Jorgelina C. Altamirano Mehtap Yildiz Massimo Iorizzo Philipp W. Simon Pablo F. Cavagnaro Characterization of Purple Carrot Germplasm for Antioxidant Capacity and Root Concentration of Anthocyanins, Phenolics, and Carotenoids Plants <i>Daucus carota</i> anthocyanins phenolic compounds carotenoids antioxidant capacity |
| title | Characterization of Purple Carrot Germplasm for Antioxidant Capacity and Root Concentration of Anthocyanins, Phenolics, and Carotenoids |
| title_full | Characterization of Purple Carrot Germplasm for Antioxidant Capacity and Root Concentration of Anthocyanins, Phenolics, and Carotenoids |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of Purple Carrot Germplasm for Antioxidant Capacity and Root Concentration of Anthocyanins, Phenolics, and Carotenoids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of Purple Carrot Germplasm for Antioxidant Capacity and Root Concentration of Anthocyanins, Phenolics, and Carotenoids |
| title_short | Characterization of Purple Carrot Germplasm for Antioxidant Capacity and Root Concentration of Anthocyanins, Phenolics, and Carotenoids |
| title_sort | characterization of purple carrot germplasm for antioxidant capacity and root concentration of anthocyanins phenolics and carotenoids |
| topic | <i>Daucus carota</i> anthocyanins phenolic compounds carotenoids antioxidant capacity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/9/1796 |
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