Validation of the World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) among medical educators in Hong Kong: a confirmatory factor analysis
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the pre-existing global crisis of physician burnout. Physician and particularly medical educator well-being, has come into focus as educators can influence their own and learners’ well-being. Measuring this construct is one important step towards prom...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Medical Education Online |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/10872981.2022.2044635 |
| _version_ | 1819124348788670464 |
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| author | Linda Chan Rebecca K. W. Liu Tai Pong Lam Julie Y. Chen George L. Tipoe Fraide A. Ganotice |
| author_facet | Linda Chan Rebecca K. W. Liu Tai Pong Lam Julie Y. Chen George L. Tipoe Fraide A. Ganotice |
| author_sort | Linda Chan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the pre-existing global crisis of physician burnout. Physician and particularly medical educator well-being, has come into focus as educators can influence their own and learners’ well-being. Measuring this construct is one important step towards promoting well-being in the work and learning environments. The 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) has been validated in different populations worldwide for assessing well-being. Yet, its psychometric acceptability remains unexplored among medical educators in Asia including Hong Kong (HK). This study evaluates the validity of the WHO-5 when used among HK medical educators.Method Using data from 435 medical educators, we employed combined within-network (confirmatory factor analysis; CFA) and between-network approaches (correlation and regression) to scale validation.Results CFA results indicated that our data fit the a priori WHO-5 model, suggesting structural validity. Results of comparison of means indicated no gender differences, but there were significant differences when participants were compared by age and professional backgrounds. Resilience predicted well-being as measured by the WHO-5, suggesting construct criterion validity.Conclusions Our findings extend the validity evidence for the WHO-5 to HK medical educators examined in this study. This enables their well-being to be assessed when evaluating the impact of future well-being programmes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T07:22:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e7a8b72bcd2348db9db9ea26804dd2e9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1087-2981 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T07:22:49Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medical Education Online |
| spelling | doaj.art-e7a8b72bcd2348db9db9ea26804dd2e92022-12-21T18:34:13ZengTaylor & Francis GroupMedical Education Online1087-29812022-12-0127110.1080/10872981.2022.2044635Validation of the World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) among medical educators in Hong Kong: a confirmatory factor analysisLinda Chan0Rebecca K. W. Liu1Tai Pong Lam2Julie Y. Chen3George L. Tipoe4Fraide A. Ganotice5Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, ChinaThe Bau Institute of Medical and Health Sciences Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, ChinaDepartment of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, ChinaDepartment of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, ChinaThe Bau Institute of Medical and Health Sciences Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, ChinaThe Bau Institute of Medical and Health Sciences Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, ChinaBackground The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the pre-existing global crisis of physician burnout. Physician and particularly medical educator well-being, has come into focus as educators can influence their own and learners’ well-being. Measuring this construct is one important step towards promoting well-being in the work and learning environments. The 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) has been validated in different populations worldwide for assessing well-being. Yet, its psychometric acceptability remains unexplored among medical educators in Asia including Hong Kong (HK). This study evaluates the validity of the WHO-5 when used among HK medical educators.Method Using data from 435 medical educators, we employed combined within-network (confirmatory factor analysis; CFA) and between-network approaches (correlation and regression) to scale validation.Results CFA results indicated that our data fit the a priori WHO-5 model, suggesting structural validity. Results of comparison of means indicated no gender differences, but there were significant differences when participants were compared by age and professional backgrounds. Resilience predicted well-being as measured by the WHO-5, suggesting construct criterion validity.Conclusions Our findings extend the validity evidence for the WHO-5 to HK medical educators examined in this study. This enables their well-being to be assessed when evaluating the impact of future well-being programmes.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/10872981.2022.2044635Well-beingWHO-5medical educatorspsychometricsconfirmatory factor analysis |
| spellingShingle | Linda Chan Rebecca K. W. Liu Tai Pong Lam Julie Y. Chen George L. Tipoe Fraide A. Ganotice Validation of the World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) among medical educators in Hong Kong: a confirmatory factor analysis Medical Education Online Well-being WHO-5 medical educators psychometrics confirmatory factor analysis |
| title | Validation of the World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) among medical educators in Hong Kong: a confirmatory factor analysis |
| title_full | Validation of the World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) among medical educators in Hong Kong: a confirmatory factor analysis |
| title_fullStr | Validation of the World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) among medical educators in Hong Kong: a confirmatory factor analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Validation of the World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) among medical educators in Hong Kong: a confirmatory factor analysis |
| title_short | Validation of the World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) among medical educators in Hong Kong: a confirmatory factor analysis |
| title_sort | validation of the world health organization well being index who 5 among medical educators in hong kong a confirmatory factor analysis |
| topic | Well-being WHO-5 medical educators psychometrics confirmatory factor analysis |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/10872981.2022.2044635 |
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