Implications of Extended Inhibitory Neuron Development

A prolonged developmental timeline for GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-expressing inhibitory neurons (GABAergic interneurons) is an amplified trait in larger, gyrencephalic animals. In several species, the generation, migration, and maturation of interneurons take place over several months, in some cases...

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Main Authors: Jae-Yeon Kim, Mercedes F. Paredes
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-05-01
Series:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/10/5113
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author Jae-Yeon Kim
Mercedes F. Paredes
author_facet Jae-Yeon Kim
Mercedes F. Paredes
author_sort Jae-Yeon Kim
collection DOAJ
description A prolonged developmental timeline for GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-expressing inhibitory neurons (GABAergic interneurons) is an amplified trait in larger, gyrencephalic animals. In several species, the generation, migration, and maturation of interneurons take place over several months, in some cases persisting after birth. The late integration of GABAergic interneurons occurs in a region-specific pattern, especially during the early postnatal period. These changes can contribute to the formation of functional connectivity and plasticity, especially in the cortical regions responsible for higher cognitive tasks. In this review, we discuss GABAergic interneuron development in the late gestational and postnatal forebrain. We propose the protracted development of interneurons at each stage (neurogenesis, neuronal migration, and network integration), as a mechanism for increased complexity and cognitive flexibility in larger, gyrencephalic brains. This developmental feature of interneurons also provides an avenue for environmental influences to shape neural circuit formation.
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spelling doaj.art-e89ef9c2de434809b4ba5c4f8dfb348e2023-11-21T19:21:33ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-05-012210511310.3390/ijms22105113Implications of Extended Inhibitory Neuron DevelopmentJae-Yeon Kim0Mercedes F. Paredes1Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USADepartment of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USAA prolonged developmental timeline for GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-expressing inhibitory neurons (GABAergic interneurons) is an amplified trait in larger, gyrencephalic animals. In several species, the generation, migration, and maturation of interneurons take place over several months, in some cases persisting after birth. The late integration of GABAergic interneurons occurs in a region-specific pattern, especially during the early postnatal period. These changes can contribute to the formation of functional connectivity and plasticity, especially in the cortical regions responsible for higher cognitive tasks. In this review, we discuss GABAergic interneuron development in the late gestational and postnatal forebrain. We propose the protracted development of interneurons at each stage (neurogenesis, neuronal migration, and network integration), as a mechanism for increased complexity and cognitive flexibility in larger, gyrencephalic brains. This developmental feature of interneurons also provides an avenue for environmental influences to shape neural circuit formation.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/10/5113GABAergic inhibitory neuronembryonic neurogenesispostnatal migrationfunctional networkgyrencephalic brain
spellingShingle Jae-Yeon Kim
Mercedes F. Paredes
Implications of Extended Inhibitory Neuron Development
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
GABAergic inhibitory neuron
embryonic neurogenesis
postnatal migration
functional network
gyrencephalic brain
title Implications of Extended Inhibitory Neuron Development
title_full Implications of Extended Inhibitory Neuron Development
title_fullStr Implications of Extended Inhibitory Neuron Development
title_full_unstemmed Implications of Extended Inhibitory Neuron Development
title_short Implications of Extended Inhibitory Neuron Development
title_sort implications of extended inhibitory neuron development
topic GABAergic inhibitory neuron
embryonic neurogenesis
postnatal migration
functional network
gyrencephalic brain
url https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/10/5113
work_keys_str_mv AT jaeyeonkim implicationsofextendedinhibitoryneurondevelopment
AT mercedesfparedes implicationsofextendedinhibitoryneurondevelopment