Characterization of Venom Components and Their Phylogenetic Properties in Some Aculeate Bumblebees and Wasps
To identify and compare venom components and expression patterns, venom gland-specific transcriptome analyses were conducted for 14 Aculeate bees and wasps. TPM (transcripts per kilobase million) values were normalized using the average transcription level of a reference housekeeping gene (dimethyla...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/1/47 |
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| author | Kyungjae Andrew Yoon Kyungmun Kim Woo-Jin Kim Woo Young Bang Neung-Ho Ahn Chang-Hwan Bae Joo-Hong Yeo Si Hyeock Lee |
| author_facet | Kyungjae Andrew Yoon Kyungmun Kim Woo-Jin Kim Woo Young Bang Neung-Ho Ahn Chang-Hwan Bae Joo-Hong Yeo Si Hyeock Lee |
| author_sort | Kyungjae Andrew Yoon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To identify and compare venom components and expression patterns, venom gland-specific transcriptome analyses were conducted for 14 Aculeate bees and wasps. TPM (transcripts per kilobase million) values were normalized using the average transcription level of a reference housekeeping gene (dimethyladenosine transferase). Orthologous venom component genes across the 14 bee and wasp species were identified, and their relative abundance in each species was determined by comparing normalized TPM values. Based on signal sequences in the transcripts, the genes of novel venom components were identified and characterized to encode potential allergens. Most of the allergens and pain-producing factors (arginine kinase, hyaluronidase, mastoparan, phospholipase A1, phospholipase A2, and venom allergen 5) showed extremely high expression levels in social wasps. Acid phosphatase, neprilysin, and tachykinin, which are known allergens and neurotoxic peptides, were found in the venom glands of solitary wasps more often than in social wasps. In the venom glands of bumblebees, few or no transcripts of major allergens or pain-producing factors were identified. Taken together, these results indicate that differential expression patterns of the venom genes in some Aculeate species imply that some wasps and bumblebee species have unique groups of highly expressed venom components. Some venom components reflected the Aculeate species phylogeny, but others did not. This unique evolution of specific venom components in different groups of some wasps and bumblebee species might have been shaped in response to both ecological and behavioral influences. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T01:31:25Z |
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| id | doaj.art-e8a50c1298c742c6be341138ab4da4f7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T01:31:25Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-e8a50c1298c742c6be341138ab4da4f72022-12-22T02:20:10ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512020-01-011214710.3390/toxins12010047toxins12010047Characterization of Venom Components and Their Phylogenetic Properties in Some Aculeate Bumblebees and WaspsKyungjae Andrew Yoon0Kyungmun Kim1Woo-Jin Kim2Woo Young Bang3Neung-Ho Ahn4Chang-Hwan Bae5Joo-Hong Yeo6Si Hyeock Lee7Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, KoreaDepartment of Agricultural Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, KoreaEntoCode Co., Seoul 06028, KoreaNational Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22689, KoreaNational Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22689, KoreaNational Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22689, KoreaNational Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22689, KoreaResearch Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, KoreaTo identify and compare venom components and expression patterns, venom gland-specific transcriptome analyses were conducted for 14 Aculeate bees and wasps. TPM (transcripts per kilobase million) values were normalized using the average transcription level of a reference housekeeping gene (dimethyladenosine transferase). Orthologous venom component genes across the 14 bee and wasp species were identified, and their relative abundance in each species was determined by comparing normalized TPM values. Based on signal sequences in the transcripts, the genes of novel venom components were identified and characterized to encode potential allergens. Most of the allergens and pain-producing factors (arginine kinase, hyaluronidase, mastoparan, phospholipase A1, phospholipase A2, and venom allergen 5) showed extremely high expression levels in social wasps. Acid phosphatase, neprilysin, and tachykinin, which are known allergens and neurotoxic peptides, were found in the venom glands of solitary wasps more often than in social wasps. In the venom glands of bumblebees, few or no transcripts of major allergens or pain-producing factors were identified. Taken together, these results indicate that differential expression patterns of the venom genes in some Aculeate species imply that some wasps and bumblebee species have unique groups of highly expressed venom components. Some venom components reflected the Aculeate species phylogeny, but others did not. This unique evolution of specific venom components in different groups of some wasps and bumblebee species might have been shaped in response to both ecological and behavioral influences.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/1/47venomsocial waspsolitary hunting waspbumblebeevenom glandtranscriptome analysis |
| spellingShingle | Kyungjae Andrew Yoon Kyungmun Kim Woo-Jin Kim Woo Young Bang Neung-Ho Ahn Chang-Hwan Bae Joo-Hong Yeo Si Hyeock Lee Characterization of Venom Components and Their Phylogenetic Properties in Some Aculeate Bumblebees and Wasps Toxins venom social wasp solitary hunting wasp bumblebee venom gland transcriptome analysis |
| title | Characterization of Venom Components and Their Phylogenetic Properties in Some Aculeate Bumblebees and Wasps |
| title_full | Characterization of Venom Components and Their Phylogenetic Properties in Some Aculeate Bumblebees and Wasps |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of Venom Components and Their Phylogenetic Properties in Some Aculeate Bumblebees and Wasps |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of Venom Components and Their Phylogenetic Properties in Some Aculeate Bumblebees and Wasps |
| title_short | Characterization of Venom Components and Their Phylogenetic Properties in Some Aculeate Bumblebees and Wasps |
| title_sort | characterization of venom components and their phylogenetic properties in some aculeate bumblebees and wasps |
| topic | venom social wasp solitary hunting wasp bumblebee venom gland transcriptome analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/1/47 |
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