Magnitude Estimates for the Carrington Flare in 1859 September: As Seen from the Original Records

The Carrington flare in 1859 September is a benchmark, as the earliest reported solar flare and as an event with one of the greatest terrestrial impacts. To date, no rigorous estimate of the energy of this flare has been made on the basis of the only direct observation available, its white-light emi...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Hisashi Hayakawa, Sabrina Bechet, Frédéric Clette, Hugh S. Hudson, Hiroyuki Maehara, Kosuke Namekata, Yuta Notsu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2023-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acd853