Characterization of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaf Powder Extract Encapsulated in Maltodextrin and/or Gum Arabic Coatings
The encapsulation of bioactive-rich plant extracts is an effective method of preventing their damage or loss of activity during processing and storage. Here, the techno-functional properties of microcapsules developed from <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaf powder (MoLP) extract (core) with ma...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/12/3044 |
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| author | Toyosi T. George Ayodeji B. Oyenihi Fanie Rautenbach Anthony O. Obilana |
| author_facet | Toyosi T. George Ayodeji B. Oyenihi Fanie Rautenbach Anthony O. Obilana |
| author_sort | Toyosi T. George |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The encapsulation of bioactive-rich plant extracts is an effective method of preventing their damage or loss of activity during processing and storage. Here, the techno-functional properties of microcapsules developed from <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaf powder (MoLP) extract (core) with maltodextrin (MD), gum Arabic (GA), and a combination (MDGA) (coatings) were assessed. The bulk and tap density were 0.177, 0.325 and 0.297 g/mL and 0.13, 0.295 and 0.259 g/mL for GA, MD and MDGA microcapsules, respectively. Flowability properties of microcapsules indicated an intermediate flow except for GA which had a poor flow. The moisture content of the microcapsules ranged from 1.47% to 1.77% with no significant differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05) observed. All the microcapsules had high water solubility (86.35% for GA to 98.74% for MD and 90.51% for MDGA). Thermogravimetric analyses revealed that encapsulation enhanced the thermal stability of the core material. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the microcapsules and extracts have an amorphous nature, which was validated by the surface morphology analysis that showed amorphous, irregular, and flake-like attributes except for MDGA microcapsules which had slightly spherical and agglomerated surfaces. The Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectra of the microcapsules showed the presence of C-O and O-H aromatic rings as well as amine groups. New spectra were observed at 1177, 1382 and 1411 cm<sup>−1</sup> for MDGA, MD and GA, respectively, after encapsulation, which connotes a slight modification in the chemical structural pattern after encapsulation. Storage stability tests (28 days at 4, 25 and 40 °C) showed that the microcapsules were most stable at 4 °C and the stability differs significantly (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) with coating material type and temperature with MDGA showing better storage stability than others. Altogether, the attributes of the MDGA microcapsules were comparatively better than either MD or GA alone. The present data, therefore, demonstrate an effective encapsulation process for MoLP extract that can serve as fortificants in processed food products where MoLP may be used. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:08:41Z |
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| id | doaj.art-ea0fdf188d88492ba04903e701f45e15 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:08:41Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-ea0fdf188d88492ba04903e701f45e152023-11-23T08:18:02ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582021-12-011012304410.3390/foods10123044Characterization of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaf Powder Extract Encapsulated in Maltodextrin and/or Gum Arabic CoatingsToyosi T. George0Ayodeji B. Oyenihi1Fanie Rautenbach2Anthony O. Obilana3Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South AfricaFunctional Foods Research Unit, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South AfricaOxidative Stress Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Wellness, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South AfricaDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South AfricaThe encapsulation of bioactive-rich plant extracts is an effective method of preventing their damage or loss of activity during processing and storage. Here, the techno-functional properties of microcapsules developed from <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaf powder (MoLP) extract (core) with maltodextrin (MD), gum Arabic (GA), and a combination (MDGA) (coatings) were assessed. The bulk and tap density were 0.177, 0.325 and 0.297 g/mL and 0.13, 0.295 and 0.259 g/mL for GA, MD and MDGA microcapsules, respectively. Flowability properties of microcapsules indicated an intermediate flow except for GA which had a poor flow. The moisture content of the microcapsules ranged from 1.47% to 1.77% with no significant differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05) observed. All the microcapsules had high water solubility (86.35% for GA to 98.74% for MD and 90.51% for MDGA). Thermogravimetric analyses revealed that encapsulation enhanced the thermal stability of the core material. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the microcapsules and extracts have an amorphous nature, which was validated by the surface morphology analysis that showed amorphous, irregular, and flake-like attributes except for MDGA microcapsules which had slightly spherical and agglomerated surfaces. The Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectra of the microcapsules showed the presence of C-O and O-H aromatic rings as well as amine groups. New spectra were observed at 1177, 1382 and 1411 cm<sup>−1</sup> for MDGA, MD and GA, respectively, after encapsulation, which connotes a slight modification in the chemical structural pattern after encapsulation. Storage stability tests (28 days at 4, 25 and 40 °C) showed that the microcapsules were most stable at 4 °C and the stability differs significantly (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) with coating material type and temperature with MDGA showing better storage stability than others. Altogether, the attributes of the MDGA microcapsules were comparatively better than either MD or GA alone. The present data, therefore, demonstrate an effective encapsulation process for MoLP extract that can serve as fortificants in processed food products where MoLP may be used.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/12/3044food fortificationgum Arabicmaltodextrinmicroencapsulation<i>Moringa</i> |
| spellingShingle | Toyosi T. George Ayodeji B. Oyenihi Fanie Rautenbach Anthony O. Obilana Characterization of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaf Powder Extract Encapsulated in Maltodextrin and/or Gum Arabic Coatings Foods food fortification gum Arabic maltodextrin microencapsulation <i>Moringa</i> |
| title | Characterization of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaf Powder Extract Encapsulated in Maltodextrin and/or Gum Arabic Coatings |
| title_full | Characterization of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaf Powder Extract Encapsulated in Maltodextrin and/or Gum Arabic Coatings |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaf Powder Extract Encapsulated in Maltodextrin and/or Gum Arabic Coatings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaf Powder Extract Encapsulated in Maltodextrin and/or Gum Arabic Coatings |
| title_short | Characterization of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaf Powder Extract Encapsulated in Maltodextrin and/or Gum Arabic Coatings |
| title_sort | characterization of i moringa oleifera i leaf powder extract encapsulated in maltodextrin and or gum arabic coatings |
| topic | food fortification gum Arabic maltodextrin microencapsulation <i>Moringa</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/12/3044 |
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