Pathogen Eradication in Garlic in the Phytobiome Context: Should We Aim for Complete Cleaning?
Global food production is challenged by plant pathogens that cause significant crop losses. Fungi, bacteria, and viruses have long threatened sustainable and profitable agriculture. The danger is even higher in vegetatively propagated horticultural crops, such as garlic. Currently, quarantine, rougi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/24/4125 |
| _version_ | 1797372402095620096 |
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| author | Itay Yarmus Dana Gelbart Einat Shemesh-Mayer Doron Dov Teper Dana Ment Adi Faigenboim Ross Peters Rina Kamenetsky-Goldstein |
| author_facet | Itay Yarmus Dana Gelbart Einat Shemesh-Mayer Doron Dov Teper Dana Ment Adi Faigenboim Ross Peters Rina Kamenetsky-Goldstein |
| author_sort | Itay Yarmus |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Global food production is challenged by plant pathogens that cause significant crop losses. Fungi, bacteria, and viruses have long threatened sustainable and profitable agriculture. The danger is even higher in vegetatively propagated horticultural crops, such as garlic. Currently, quarantine, rouging infected plants, and control of natural vectors are used as the main means of disease and pest control in garlic crops. Agricultural biotechnology, meristem-tip culture, and cryotherapy offer solutions for virus eradication and for the multiplication of ‘clean stocks’, but at the same time, impact the symbiotic and beneficial components of the garlic microbiome. Our research involves the first metatranscriptomic analysis of the microbiome of garlic bulb tissue, PCR analyses, and a biological assay of endophytes and pathogens. We have demonstrated that in vitro sanitation methods, such as shoot tip culture or cryotherapy can alter the garlic microbiome. Shoot tip culture proved ineffective in virus elimination, but reduced bacterial load and eliminated fungal infections. Conversely, cryotherapy was efficient in virus eradication but demolished other components of the garlic microbiome. Garlic plants sanitized by cryotherapy exhibited a lower survival rate, and a longer in vitro regeneration period. The question arises whether total eradication of viruses, at the expense of other microflora, is necessary, or if a partial reduction in the pathogenic load would suffice for sanitized garlic production. We explore this question from both scientific and commercial perspectives. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T18:35:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ea7304327f51405bbee48c2da7250055 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T18:35:18Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-ea7304327f51405bbee48c2da72500552023-12-29T15:47:26ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-12-011224412510.3390/plants12244125Pathogen Eradication in Garlic in the Phytobiome Context: Should We Aim for Complete Cleaning?Itay Yarmus0Dana Gelbart1Einat Shemesh-Mayer2Doron Dov Teper3Dana Ment4Adi Faigenboim5Ross Peters6Rina Kamenetsky-Goldstein7Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Risho LeZion 7505101, IsraelAgricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Risho LeZion 7505101, IsraelAgricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Risho LeZion 7505101, IsraelAgricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Risho LeZion 7505101, IsraelAgricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Risho LeZion 7505101, IsraelAgricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Risho LeZion 7505101, IsraelAgricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Risho LeZion 7505101, IsraelAgricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Risho LeZion 7505101, IsraelGlobal food production is challenged by plant pathogens that cause significant crop losses. Fungi, bacteria, and viruses have long threatened sustainable and profitable agriculture. The danger is even higher in vegetatively propagated horticultural crops, such as garlic. Currently, quarantine, rouging infected plants, and control of natural vectors are used as the main means of disease and pest control in garlic crops. Agricultural biotechnology, meristem-tip culture, and cryotherapy offer solutions for virus eradication and for the multiplication of ‘clean stocks’, but at the same time, impact the symbiotic and beneficial components of the garlic microbiome. Our research involves the first metatranscriptomic analysis of the microbiome of garlic bulb tissue, PCR analyses, and a biological assay of endophytes and pathogens. We have demonstrated that in vitro sanitation methods, such as shoot tip culture or cryotherapy can alter the garlic microbiome. Shoot tip culture proved ineffective in virus elimination, but reduced bacterial load and eliminated fungal infections. Conversely, cryotherapy was efficient in virus eradication but demolished other components of the garlic microbiome. Garlic plants sanitized by cryotherapy exhibited a lower survival rate, and a longer in vitro regeneration period. The question arises whether total eradication of viruses, at the expense of other microflora, is necessary, or if a partial reduction in the pathogenic load would suffice for sanitized garlic production. We explore this question from both scientific and commercial perspectives.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/24/4125<i>Allium sativum</i>fungibacteriapotyviruscarlavirusallexivirus |
| spellingShingle | Itay Yarmus Dana Gelbart Einat Shemesh-Mayer Doron Dov Teper Dana Ment Adi Faigenboim Ross Peters Rina Kamenetsky-Goldstein Pathogen Eradication in Garlic in the Phytobiome Context: Should We Aim for Complete Cleaning? Plants <i>Allium sativum</i> fungi bacteria potyvirus carlavirus allexivirus |
| title | Pathogen Eradication in Garlic in the Phytobiome Context: Should We Aim for Complete Cleaning? |
| title_full | Pathogen Eradication in Garlic in the Phytobiome Context: Should We Aim for Complete Cleaning? |
| title_fullStr | Pathogen Eradication in Garlic in the Phytobiome Context: Should We Aim for Complete Cleaning? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pathogen Eradication in Garlic in the Phytobiome Context: Should We Aim for Complete Cleaning? |
| title_short | Pathogen Eradication in Garlic in the Phytobiome Context: Should We Aim for Complete Cleaning? |
| title_sort | pathogen eradication in garlic in the phytobiome context should we aim for complete cleaning |
| topic | <i>Allium sativum</i> fungi bacteria potyvirus carlavirus allexivirus |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/24/4125 |
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