Epidural lidocaine, butorphanol, and butorphanol – lidocaine combination in dromedary camels

Abstract Background The use of general anesthesia in dromedary camels is constrained by risks related to decubitus. Caudal epidural analgesia is an alternative convenient technique providing loco-regional analgesia for numerous invasive and noninvasive painful conditions. Lidocaine is probably the m...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ayman El Nahas, Adel Ibrahim Almubarak, Usama Hagag
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2023-02-01
Series:BMC Veterinary Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-023-03601-8