Pollen Viability, and the Photosynthetic and Enzymatic Responses of Cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i> (L.) Walp., Fabaceae) in the Face of Rising Air Temperature: A Problem for Food Safety
Rising temperature affects agricultural production, causing food insecurity. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate how increased temperature influences pollen viability, photosynthetic and enzymatic responses, and their consequences on the final yield of cowpea cultivars. The cultivars B...
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/3/463 |
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| author | Juliane Rafaele Alves Barros Tatiane Cezario dos Santos Elioenai Gomes Freire Silva Weslley Oliveira da Silva Miguel Julio Machado Guimarães Francislene Angelotti |
| author_facet | Juliane Rafaele Alves Barros Tatiane Cezario dos Santos Elioenai Gomes Freire Silva Weslley Oliveira da Silva Miguel Julio Machado Guimarães Francislene Angelotti |
| author_sort | Juliane Rafaele Alves Barros |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rising temperature affects agricultural production, causing food insecurity. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate how increased temperature influences pollen viability, photosynthetic and enzymatic responses, and their consequences on the final yield of cowpea cultivars. The cultivars BRS Acauã, BRS Guariba, BRS Gurguéia, and BRS Pajeú were used, kept in growth chambers under two temperature regimes: 24.8–30.8–37.8 °C and 20–26–33 °C. The cultivars BRS Acauã, BRS Guariba, and BRS Pajeú showed prolonged flowering and greater flower abortion, at 23.58%, 34.71%, and 25.55%, respectively, under an increase of 4.8 °C in temperature. This increase also reduced the viability of BRS Acauã and BRS Pajeú pollen by 34 and 7%, respectively. Heating increased stomatal opening and transpiration but reduced chlorophyll content. The enzymatic response varied according to cultivars and temperature. Changes in photosynthetic and enzymatic activities contribute to reducing pollen viability and productivity. BRS Acauã was the most affected, with an 82% reduction in the number of seeds and a 70% reduction in production. BRS Gurguéia maintained its production, even with an increase of 4.8 °C, and can be selected as a cultivar with the potential to tolerate high temperatures as it maintained pollen viability, with less flower abortion, with the synchrony of physiological and biochemical responses and, consequently, greater production. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:39:23Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-ea8d3f63603544fd8159c64639755d8c2024-03-27T13:16:36ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-02-0114346310.3390/agronomy14030463Pollen Viability, and the Photosynthetic and Enzymatic Responses of Cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i> (L.) Walp., Fabaceae) in the Face of Rising Air Temperature: A Problem for Food SafetyJuliane Rafaele Alves Barros0Tatiane Cezario dos Santos1Elioenai Gomes Freire Silva2Weslley Oliveira da Silva3Miguel Julio Machado Guimarães4Francislene Angelotti5Foundation for the Support of Science and Technology of the State of Pernambuco, Recife 50720-001, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Plant Genetic Resources, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana 44036-900, BrazilEmbrapa Semi-Arid, Petrolina 56302-970, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Plant Genetic Resources, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana 44036-900, BrazilFederal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão, São Raimundo das Mangabeiras 65840-000, BrazilEmbrapa Semi-Arid, Petrolina 56302-970, BrazilRising temperature affects agricultural production, causing food insecurity. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate how increased temperature influences pollen viability, photosynthetic and enzymatic responses, and their consequences on the final yield of cowpea cultivars. The cultivars BRS Acauã, BRS Guariba, BRS Gurguéia, and BRS Pajeú were used, kept in growth chambers under two temperature regimes: 24.8–30.8–37.8 °C and 20–26–33 °C. The cultivars BRS Acauã, BRS Guariba, and BRS Pajeú showed prolonged flowering and greater flower abortion, at 23.58%, 34.71%, and 25.55%, respectively, under an increase of 4.8 °C in temperature. This increase also reduced the viability of BRS Acauã and BRS Pajeú pollen by 34 and 7%, respectively. Heating increased stomatal opening and transpiration but reduced chlorophyll content. The enzymatic response varied according to cultivars and temperature. Changes in photosynthetic and enzymatic activities contribute to reducing pollen viability and productivity. BRS Acauã was the most affected, with an 82% reduction in the number of seeds and a 70% reduction in production. BRS Gurguéia maintained its production, even with an increase of 4.8 °C, and can be selected as a cultivar with the potential to tolerate high temperatures as it maintained pollen viability, with less flower abortion, with the synchrony of physiological and biochemical responses and, consequently, greater production.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/3/463heat stressoxidative stressphysiological activitypollen grain<i>Vigna unguiculata</i> |
| spellingShingle | Juliane Rafaele Alves Barros Tatiane Cezario dos Santos Elioenai Gomes Freire Silva Weslley Oliveira da Silva Miguel Julio Machado Guimarães Francislene Angelotti Pollen Viability, and the Photosynthetic and Enzymatic Responses of Cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i> (L.) Walp., Fabaceae) in the Face of Rising Air Temperature: A Problem for Food Safety Agronomy heat stress oxidative stress physiological activity pollen grain <i>Vigna unguiculata</i> |
| title | Pollen Viability, and the Photosynthetic and Enzymatic Responses of Cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i> (L.) Walp., Fabaceae) in the Face of Rising Air Temperature: A Problem for Food Safety |
| title_full | Pollen Viability, and the Photosynthetic and Enzymatic Responses of Cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i> (L.) Walp., Fabaceae) in the Face of Rising Air Temperature: A Problem for Food Safety |
| title_fullStr | Pollen Viability, and the Photosynthetic and Enzymatic Responses of Cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i> (L.) Walp., Fabaceae) in the Face of Rising Air Temperature: A Problem for Food Safety |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pollen Viability, and the Photosynthetic and Enzymatic Responses of Cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i> (L.) Walp., Fabaceae) in the Face of Rising Air Temperature: A Problem for Food Safety |
| title_short | Pollen Viability, and the Photosynthetic and Enzymatic Responses of Cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i> (L.) Walp., Fabaceae) in the Face of Rising Air Temperature: A Problem for Food Safety |
| title_sort | pollen viability and the photosynthetic and enzymatic responses of cowpea i vigna unguiculata i l walp fabaceae in the face of rising air temperature a problem for food safety |
| topic | heat stress oxidative stress physiological activity pollen grain <i>Vigna unguiculata</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/3/463 |
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