Characterization and Biological Activities of In Vitro Digested Olive Pomace Polyphenols Evaluated on Ex Vivo Human Immune Blood Cells
Olive pomace (OP) represents one of the main by-products of olive oil production, which still contains high quantities of health-promoting bioactive compounds. In the present study, three batches of sun-dried OP were characterized for their profile in phenolic compounds (by HPLC-DAD) and in vitro an...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/5/2122 |
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| author | Claudio Alimenti Mariacaterina Lianza Fabiana Antognoni Laura Giusti Onelia Bistoni Luigi Liotta Cristina Angeloni Giulio Lupidi Daniela Beghelli |
| author_facet | Claudio Alimenti Mariacaterina Lianza Fabiana Antognoni Laura Giusti Onelia Bistoni Luigi Liotta Cristina Angeloni Giulio Lupidi Daniela Beghelli |
| author_sort | Claudio Alimenti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Olive pomace (OP) represents one of the main by-products of olive oil production, which still contains high quantities of health-promoting bioactive compounds. In the present study, three batches of sun-dried OP were characterized for their profile in phenolic compounds (by HPLC-DAD) and in vitro antioxidant properties (ABTS, FRAP and DPPH assays) before (methanolic extracts) and after (aqueous extracts) their simulated in vitro digestion and dialysis. Phenolic profiles, and, accordingly, the antioxidant activities, showed significant differences among the three OP batches, and most compounds showed good bioaccessibility after simulated digestion. Based on these preliminary screenings, the best OP aqueous extract (OP-W) was further characterized for its peptide composition and subdivided into seven fractions (OP-F). The most promising OP-F (characterized for its metabolome) and OP-W samples were then assessed for their potential anti-inflammatory properties in ex vivo human peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) triggered or not with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The levels of 16 pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured in PBMC culture media by multiplex ELISA assay, whereas the gene expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10 and TNF-α were measured by real time RT-qPCR. Interestingly, OP-W and PO-F samples had a similar effect in reducing the expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α, but only OP-W was able to reduce the release of these inflammatory mediators, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory activity of OP-W is different from that of OP-F. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:18:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eaa379357b1548fbbbca1406d7a4ad7a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:18:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-eaa379357b1548fbbbca1406d7a4ad7a2023-11-17T08:12:21ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-02-01285212210.3390/molecules28052122Characterization and Biological Activities of In Vitro Digested Olive Pomace Polyphenols Evaluated on Ex Vivo Human Immune Blood CellsClaudio Alimenti0Mariacaterina Lianza1Fabiana Antognoni2Laura Giusti3Onelia Bistoni4Luigi Liotta5Cristina Angeloni6Giulio Lupidi7Daniela Beghelli8School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, ItalyDepartment for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, ItalyDepartment for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, ItalySchool of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, ItalyRheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ItalyDepartment for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, ItalySchool of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, ItalySchool of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, ItalyOlive pomace (OP) represents one of the main by-products of olive oil production, which still contains high quantities of health-promoting bioactive compounds. In the present study, three batches of sun-dried OP were characterized for their profile in phenolic compounds (by HPLC-DAD) and in vitro antioxidant properties (ABTS, FRAP and DPPH assays) before (methanolic extracts) and after (aqueous extracts) their simulated in vitro digestion and dialysis. Phenolic profiles, and, accordingly, the antioxidant activities, showed significant differences among the three OP batches, and most compounds showed good bioaccessibility after simulated digestion. Based on these preliminary screenings, the best OP aqueous extract (OP-W) was further characterized for its peptide composition and subdivided into seven fractions (OP-F). The most promising OP-F (characterized for its metabolome) and OP-W samples were then assessed for their potential anti-inflammatory properties in ex vivo human peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) triggered or not with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The levels of 16 pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured in PBMC culture media by multiplex ELISA assay, whereas the gene expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10 and TNF-α were measured by real time RT-qPCR. Interestingly, OP-W and PO-F samples had a similar effect in reducing the expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α, but only OP-W was able to reduce the release of these inflammatory mediators, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory activity of OP-W is different from that of OP-F.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/5/2122olive pomacePBMCcytokinesimmune gene expressionHPLC-DADantioxidants |
| spellingShingle | Claudio Alimenti Mariacaterina Lianza Fabiana Antognoni Laura Giusti Onelia Bistoni Luigi Liotta Cristina Angeloni Giulio Lupidi Daniela Beghelli Characterization and Biological Activities of In Vitro Digested Olive Pomace Polyphenols Evaluated on Ex Vivo Human Immune Blood Cells Molecules olive pomace PBMC cytokines immune gene expression HPLC-DAD antioxidants |
| title | Characterization and Biological Activities of In Vitro Digested Olive Pomace Polyphenols Evaluated on Ex Vivo Human Immune Blood Cells |
| title_full | Characterization and Biological Activities of In Vitro Digested Olive Pomace Polyphenols Evaluated on Ex Vivo Human Immune Blood Cells |
| title_fullStr | Characterization and Biological Activities of In Vitro Digested Olive Pomace Polyphenols Evaluated on Ex Vivo Human Immune Blood Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization and Biological Activities of In Vitro Digested Olive Pomace Polyphenols Evaluated on Ex Vivo Human Immune Blood Cells |
| title_short | Characterization and Biological Activities of In Vitro Digested Olive Pomace Polyphenols Evaluated on Ex Vivo Human Immune Blood Cells |
| title_sort | characterization and biological activities of in vitro digested olive pomace polyphenols evaluated on ex vivo human immune blood cells |
| topic | olive pomace PBMC cytokines immune gene expression HPLC-DAD antioxidants |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/5/2122 |
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