Application of <sup>13</sup>C Quantitative NMR Spectroscopy to Isotopic Analyses for Vanillin Authentication Source
The carbon stable isotope ratio (δ<sup>13</sup>C) is a valuable chemical parameter in the investigation of the geographic origin, quality, and authenticity of foods. The aim of this study is the evaluation of the feasibility of <sup>13</sup>C-NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance)...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/11/2635 |
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| author | Concetta Pironti Maria Ricciardi Oriana Motta Federica Camin Luana Bontempo Antonio Proto |
| author_facet | Concetta Pironti Maria Ricciardi Oriana Motta Federica Camin Luana Bontempo Antonio Proto |
| author_sort | Concetta Pironti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The carbon stable isotope ratio (δ<sup>13</sup>C) is a valuable chemical parameter in the investigation of the geographic origin, quality, and authenticity of foods. The aim of this study is the evaluation of the feasibility of <sup>13</sup>C-NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy to determine the carbon stable isotope ratio, at natural abundance, of small organic molecules, such as vanillin, without the use of IRMS (Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry). The determination of vanillin origin is an active task of research, and differentiating between its natural and artificial forms is important to guarantee the quality of food products. To reach our goal, nine vanillin samples were analyzed using both <sup>13</sup>C quantitative NMR spectroscopy (under optimized experimental conditions) and IRMS, and the obtained δ<sup>13</sup>C values were compared using statistical analysis (linear regression, Bland–Altman plot, and ANOVA (analysis of variance)). The results of our study show that <sup>13</sup>C-NMR spectroscopy can be used as a valuable alternative methodology to determine the bulk carbon isotope ratio and to identify the origin of vanillin. This makes it attractive for the analysis in the same experiment of site-specific and total isotope effects for testing authenticity, quality, and typicality of food samples. Moreover, the improvement of NMR spectroscopy makes it possible to avoid the influence of additives on carbon stable isotope ratio analysis and to clearly identify fraud and falsification in commercial samples. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:31:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eb4ecc02c2224acd9688240e5b4ebea8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:31:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-eb4ecc02c2224acd9688240e5b4ebea82023-11-22T23:19:46ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582021-10-011011263510.3390/foods10112635Application of <sup>13</sup>C Quantitative NMR Spectroscopy to Isotopic Analyses for Vanillin Authentication SourceConcetta Pironti0Maria Ricciardi1Oriana Motta2Federica Camin3Luana Bontempo4Antonio Proto5Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, ItalyFondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Center, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, TN, ItalyFondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Center, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, TN, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, ItalyThe carbon stable isotope ratio (δ<sup>13</sup>C) is a valuable chemical parameter in the investigation of the geographic origin, quality, and authenticity of foods. The aim of this study is the evaluation of the feasibility of <sup>13</sup>C-NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy to determine the carbon stable isotope ratio, at natural abundance, of small organic molecules, such as vanillin, without the use of IRMS (Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry). The determination of vanillin origin is an active task of research, and differentiating between its natural and artificial forms is important to guarantee the quality of food products. To reach our goal, nine vanillin samples were analyzed using both <sup>13</sup>C quantitative NMR spectroscopy (under optimized experimental conditions) and IRMS, and the obtained δ<sup>13</sup>C values were compared using statistical analysis (linear regression, Bland–Altman plot, and ANOVA (analysis of variance)). The results of our study show that <sup>13</sup>C-NMR spectroscopy can be used as a valuable alternative methodology to determine the bulk carbon isotope ratio and to identify the origin of vanillin. This makes it attractive for the analysis in the same experiment of site-specific and total isotope effects for testing authenticity, quality, and typicality of food samples. Moreover, the improvement of NMR spectroscopy makes it possible to avoid the influence of additives on carbon stable isotope ratio analysis and to clearly identify fraud and falsification in commercial samples.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/11/2635carbon stable isotope ratiofoodIRMSvanillinNMR |
| spellingShingle | Concetta Pironti Maria Ricciardi Oriana Motta Federica Camin Luana Bontempo Antonio Proto Application of <sup>13</sup>C Quantitative NMR Spectroscopy to Isotopic Analyses for Vanillin Authentication Source Foods carbon stable isotope ratio food IRMS vanillin NMR |
| title | Application of <sup>13</sup>C Quantitative NMR Spectroscopy to Isotopic Analyses for Vanillin Authentication Source |
| title_full | Application of <sup>13</sup>C Quantitative NMR Spectroscopy to Isotopic Analyses for Vanillin Authentication Source |
| title_fullStr | Application of <sup>13</sup>C Quantitative NMR Spectroscopy to Isotopic Analyses for Vanillin Authentication Source |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application of <sup>13</sup>C Quantitative NMR Spectroscopy to Isotopic Analyses for Vanillin Authentication Source |
| title_short | Application of <sup>13</sup>C Quantitative NMR Spectroscopy to Isotopic Analyses for Vanillin Authentication Source |
| title_sort | application of sup 13 sup c quantitative nmr spectroscopy to isotopic analyses for vanillin authentication source |
| topic | carbon stable isotope ratio food IRMS vanillin NMR |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/11/2635 |
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