Cinnamaldehyde Inhibits Postharvest Gray Mold on Pepper Fruits via Inhibiting Fungal Growth and Triggering Fruit Defense
Gray mold infected with <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> frequently appears on fruits and vegetables throughout the supply chain after harvest, leading to economic losses. Biological control of postharvest disease with phytochemicals is a promising approach. CA (cinnamaldehyde) is a natural phyto...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/18/3458 |
| _version_ | 1797580119188963328 |
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| author | Lifei Yang Xiaoli Liu Haiyan Lu Cunzheng Zhang Jian Chen Zhiqi Shi |
| author_facet | Lifei Yang Xiaoli Liu Haiyan Lu Cunzheng Zhang Jian Chen Zhiqi Shi |
| author_sort | Lifei Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gray mold infected with <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> frequently appears on fruits and vegetables throughout the supply chain after harvest, leading to economic losses. Biological control of postharvest disease with phytochemicals is a promising approach. CA (cinnamaldehyde) is a natural phytochemical with medicinal and antimicrobial activity. This study evaluated the effect of CA in controlling <i>B. cinerea</i> on fresh pepper fruit. CA inhibited <i>B. cinerea</i> growth in vitro significantly in a dose- (0.1–0.8 mM) and time-dependent (6–48 h) manner, with an EC<sub>50</sub> (median effective concentration) of 0.5 mM. CA induced the collapse and breakdown of the mycelia. CA induced lipid peroxidation resulting from ROS (reactive oxygen species) accumulation in mycelia, further leading to cell leakage, evidenced by increased conductivity in mycelia. CA induced mycelial glycerol accumulation, resulting in osmotic stress possibly. CA inhibited sporulation and spore germination resulting from ROS accumulation and cell death observed in spores. Spraying CA at 0.5 mM induced a defense response in fresh pepper fruits, such as the accumulation of defense metabolites (flavonoid and total phenols) and an increase in the activity of defense enzymes (PAL, phenylalanine ammonia lyase; PPO, polyphenol oxidase; POD, peroxidase). As CA is a type of environmentally friendly compound, this study provides significant data on the activity of CA in the biocontrol of postharvest gray mold in peppers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:45:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eb8b60c0764244a298e31e0349fd54a7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:45:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-eb8b60c0764244a298e31e0349fd54a72023-11-19T10:43:25ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582023-09-011218345810.3390/foods12183458Cinnamaldehyde Inhibits Postharvest Gray Mold on Pepper Fruits via Inhibiting Fungal Growth and Triggering Fruit DefenseLifei Yang0Xiaoli Liu1Haiyan Lu2Cunzheng Zhang3Jian Chen4Zhiqi Shi5Hexian New Countryside Development Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaHexian New Countryside Development Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaLaboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, ChinaLaboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, ChinaLaboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, ChinaLaboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, ChinaGray mold infected with <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> frequently appears on fruits and vegetables throughout the supply chain after harvest, leading to economic losses. Biological control of postharvest disease with phytochemicals is a promising approach. CA (cinnamaldehyde) is a natural phytochemical with medicinal and antimicrobial activity. This study evaluated the effect of CA in controlling <i>B. cinerea</i> on fresh pepper fruit. CA inhibited <i>B. cinerea</i> growth in vitro significantly in a dose- (0.1–0.8 mM) and time-dependent (6–48 h) manner, with an EC<sub>50</sub> (median effective concentration) of 0.5 mM. CA induced the collapse and breakdown of the mycelia. CA induced lipid peroxidation resulting from ROS (reactive oxygen species) accumulation in mycelia, further leading to cell leakage, evidenced by increased conductivity in mycelia. CA induced mycelial glycerol accumulation, resulting in osmotic stress possibly. CA inhibited sporulation and spore germination resulting from ROS accumulation and cell death observed in spores. Spraying CA at 0.5 mM induced a defense response in fresh pepper fruits, such as the accumulation of defense metabolites (flavonoid and total phenols) and an increase in the activity of defense enzymes (PAL, phenylalanine ammonia lyase; PPO, polyphenol oxidase; POD, peroxidase). As CA is a type of environmentally friendly compound, this study provides significant data on the activity of CA in the biocontrol of postharvest gray mold in peppers.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/18/3458antifungal<i>Botrytis cinerea</i>cinnamaldehydegray moldinduced defensepepper fruit |
| spellingShingle | Lifei Yang Xiaoli Liu Haiyan Lu Cunzheng Zhang Jian Chen Zhiqi Shi Cinnamaldehyde Inhibits Postharvest Gray Mold on Pepper Fruits via Inhibiting Fungal Growth and Triggering Fruit Defense Foods antifungal <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> cinnamaldehyde gray mold induced defense pepper fruit |
| title | Cinnamaldehyde Inhibits Postharvest Gray Mold on Pepper Fruits via Inhibiting Fungal Growth and Triggering Fruit Defense |
| title_full | Cinnamaldehyde Inhibits Postharvest Gray Mold on Pepper Fruits via Inhibiting Fungal Growth and Triggering Fruit Defense |
| title_fullStr | Cinnamaldehyde Inhibits Postharvest Gray Mold on Pepper Fruits via Inhibiting Fungal Growth and Triggering Fruit Defense |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cinnamaldehyde Inhibits Postharvest Gray Mold on Pepper Fruits via Inhibiting Fungal Growth and Triggering Fruit Defense |
| title_short | Cinnamaldehyde Inhibits Postharvest Gray Mold on Pepper Fruits via Inhibiting Fungal Growth and Triggering Fruit Defense |
| title_sort | cinnamaldehyde inhibits postharvest gray mold on pepper fruits via inhibiting fungal growth and triggering fruit defense |
| topic | antifungal <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> cinnamaldehyde gray mold induced defense pepper fruit |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/18/3458 |
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