Physical exercise promotes astrocyte coverage of microvessels in a model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion
Abstract Background Brain circulation disorders such as chronic cerebral hypoperfusion have been associated with a decline in cognitive function during the development of dementia. Astrocytes together with microglia participate in the immune response in the CNS and make them potential sentinels in t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Neuroinflammation |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12974-020-01771-y |
| _version_ | 1819068424432648192 |
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| author | Marina Leardini-Tristão Giulia Andrade Celina Garcia Patrícia A. Reis Millena Lourenço Emilio T. S. Moreira Flavia R. S. Lima Hugo C. Castro-Faria-Neto Eduardo Tibirica Vanessa Estato |
| author_facet | Marina Leardini-Tristão Giulia Andrade Celina Garcia Patrícia A. Reis Millena Lourenço Emilio T. S. Moreira Flavia R. S. Lima Hugo C. Castro-Faria-Neto Eduardo Tibirica Vanessa Estato |
| author_sort | Marina Leardini-Tristão |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Brain circulation disorders such as chronic cerebral hypoperfusion have been associated with a decline in cognitive function during the development of dementia. Astrocytes together with microglia participate in the immune response in the CNS and make them potential sentinels in the brain parenchyma. In addition, astrocytes coverage integrity has been related to brain homeostasis. Currently, physical exercise has been proposed as an effective intervention to promote brain function improvement. However, the neuroprotective effects of early physical exercise on the astrocyte communication with the microcirculation and the microglial activation in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of early intervention with physical exercise on cognition, brain microcirculatory, and inflammatory parameters in an experimental model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induced by permanent bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries (2VO). Methods Wistar rats aged 12 weeks were randomly divided into four groups: Sham-sedentary group (Sham-Sed), Sham-exercised group (Sham-Ex), 2VO-sedentary group (2VO-Sed), and 2VO-exercised group (2VO-Ex). The early intervention with physical exercise started 3 days after 2VO or Sham surgery during 12 weeks. Then, the brain functional capillary density and endothelial-leukocyte interactions were evaluated by intravital microscopy; cognitive function was evaluated by open-field test; hippocampus postsynaptic density protein 95 and synaptophysin were evaluated by western blotting; astrocytic coverage of the capillaries, microglial activation, and structural capillary density were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results Early moderate physical exercise was able to normalize functional capillary density and reduce leukocyte rolling in the brain of animals with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. These effects were accompanied by restore synaptic protein and the improvement of cognitive function. In addition, early moderate exercise improves astrocytes coverage in blood vessels of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, decreases microglial activation in the hippocampus, and improves structural capillaries in the hippocampus. Conclusions Microcirculatory and inflammatory changes in the brain appear to be involved in triggering a cognitive decline in animals with chronic cerebral ischemia. Therefore, early intervention with physical exercise may represent a preventive approach to neurodegeneration caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T16:33:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ec087e933c9541d59c42a0c5912f5965 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1742-2094 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T16:33:56Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Neuroinflammation |
| spelling | doaj.art-ec087e933c9541d59c42a0c5912f59652022-12-21T18:57:17ZengBMCJournal of Neuroinflammation1742-20942020-04-0117111410.1186/s12974-020-01771-yPhysical exercise promotes astrocyte coverage of microvessels in a model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusionMarina Leardini-Tristão0Giulia Andrade1Celina Garcia2Patrícia A. Reis3Millena Lourenço4Emilio T. S. Moreira5Flavia R. S. Lima6Hugo C. Castro-Faria-Neto7Eduardo Tibirica8Vanessa Estato9Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz FoundationLaboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz FoundationLaboratory of Glial Cell Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroLaboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz FoundationLaboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz FoundationLaboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz FoundationLaboratory of Glial Cell Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroLaboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz FoundationLaboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz FoundationLaboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz FoundationAbstract Background Brain circulation disorders such as chronic cerebral hypoperfusion have been associated with a decline in cognitive function during the development of dementia. Astrocytes together with microglia participate in the immune response in the CNS and make them potential sentinels in the brain parenchyma. In addition, astrocytes coverage integrity has been related to brain homeostasis. Currently, physical exercise has been proposed as an effective intervention to promote brain function improvement. However, the neuroprotective effects of early physical exercise on the astrocyte communication with the microcirculation and the microglial activation in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of early intervention with physical exercise on cognition, brain microcirculatory, and inflammatory parameters in an experimental model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induced by permanent bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries (2VO). Methods Wistar rats aged 12 weeks were randomly divided into four groups: Sham-sedentary group (Sham-Sed), Sham-exercised group (Sham-Ex), 2VO-sedentary group (2VO-Sed), and 2VO-exercised group (2VO-Ex). The early intervention with physical exercise started 3 days after 2VO or Sham surgery during 12 weeks. Then, the brain functional capillary density and endothelial-leukocyte interactions were evaluated by intravital microscopy; cognitive function was evaluated by open-field test; hippocampus postsynaptic density protein 95 and synaptophysin were evaluated by western blotting; astrocytic coverage of the capillaries, microglial activation, and structural capillary density were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results Early moderate physical exercise was able to normalize functional capillary density and reduce leukocyte rolling in the brain of animals with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. These effects were accompanied by restore synaptic protein and the improvement of cognitive function. In addition, early moderate exercise improves astrocytes coverage in blood vessels of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, decreases microglial activation in the hippocampus, and improves structural capillaries in the hippocampus. Conclusions Microcirculatory and inflammatory changes in the brain appear to be involved in triggering a cognitive decline in animals with chronic cerebral ischemia. Therefore, early intervention with physical exercise may represent a preventive approach to neurodegeneration caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12974-020-01771-yExerciseCerebral hypoperfusionNeuroinflammationGlial cellsMicrocirculation |
| spellingShingle | Marina Leardini-Tristão Giulia Andrade Celina Garcia Patrícia A. Reis Millena Lourenço Emilio T. S. Moreira Flavia R. S. Lima Hugo C. Castro-Faria-Neto Eduardo Tibirica Vanessa Estato Physical exercise promotes astrocyte coverage of microvessels in a model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion Journal of Neuroinflammation Exercise Cerebral hypoperfusion Neuroinflammation Glial cells Microcirculation |
| title | Physical exercise promotes astrocyte coverage of microvessels in a model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion |
| title_full | Physical exercise promotes astrocyte coverage of microvessels in a model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion |
| title_fullStr | Physical exercise promotes astrocyte coverage of microvessels in a model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physical exercise promotes astrocyte coverage of microvessels in a model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion |
| title_short | Physical exercise promotes astrocyte coverage of microvessels in a model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion |
| title_sort | physical exercise promotes astrocyte coverage of microvessels in a model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion |
| topic | Exercise Cerebral hypoperfusion Neuroinflammation Glial cells Microcirculation |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12974-020-01771-y |
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