Detailed characterization of SARS-CoV-2-specific T and B cells after infection or heterologous vaccination
The formation of a robust long-term antigen (Ag)-specific memory, both humoral and cell-mediated, is created following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or vaccination. Here, by using polychromatic flow cytometry and complex data analyses, we deeply investigated...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1123724/full |
| _version_ | 1811168246817095680 |
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| author | Domenico Lo Tartaro Annamaria Paolini Marco Mattioli Julian Swatler Julian Swatler Anita Neroni Rebecca Borella Elena Santacroce Alessia Di Nella Licia Gozzi Stefano Busani Stefano Busani Michela Cuccorese Tommaso Trenti Marianna Meschiari Giovanni Guaraldi Giovanni Guaraldi Massimo Girardis Massimo Girardis Cristina Mussini Cristina Mussini Katarzyna Piwocka Lara Gibellini Andrea Cossarizza Andrea Cossarizza Sara De Biasi |
| author_facet | Domenico Lo Tartaro Annamaria Paolini Marco Mattioli Julian Swatler Julian Swatler Anita Neroni Rebecca Borella Elena Santacroce Alessia Di Nella Licia Gozzi Stefano Busani Stefano Busani Michela Cuccorese Tommaso Trenti Marianna Meschiari Giovanni Guaraldi Giovanni Guaraldi Massimo Girardis Massimo Girardis Cristina Mussini Cristina Mussini Katarzyna Piwocka Lara Gibellini Andrea Cossarizza Andrea Cossarizza Sara De Biasi |
| author_sort | Domenico Lo Tartaro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The formation of a robust long-term antigen (Ag)-specific memory, both humoral and cell-mediated, is created following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or vaccination. Here, by using polychromatic flow cytometry and complex data analyses, we deeply investigated the magnitude, phenotype, and functionality of SARS-CoV-2-specific immune memory in two groups of healthy subjects after heterologous vaccination compared to a group of subjects who recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection. We find that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recovered patients show different long-term immunological profiles compared to those of donors who had been vaccinated with three doses. Vaccinated individuals display a skewed T helper (Th)1 Ag-specific T cell polarization and a higher percentage of Ag-specific and activated memory B cells expressing immunoglobulin (Ig)G compared to those of patients who recovered from severe COVID-19. Different polyfunctional properties characterize the two groups: recovered individuals show higher percentages of CD4+ T cells producing one or two cytokines simultaneously, while the vaccinated are distinguished by highly polyfunctional populations able to release four molecules, namely, CD107a, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interleukin (IL)-2. These data suggest that functional and phenotypic properties of SARS-CoV-2 adaptive immunity differ in recovered COVID-19 individuals and vaccinated ones. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T16:24:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eea4d91fbd9a460196a566ff1f3acd03 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T16:24:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-eea4d91fbd9a460196a566ff1f3acd032023-02-09T10:20:45ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242023-02-011410.3389/fimmu.2023.11237241123724Detailed characterization of SARS-CoV-2-specific T and B cells after infection or heterologous vaccinationDomenico Lo Tartaro0Annamaria Paolini1Marco Mattioli2Julian Swatler3Julian Swatler4Anita Neroni5Rebecca Borella6Elena Santacroce7Alessia Di Nella8Licia Gozzi9Stefano Busani10Stefano Busani11Michela Cuccorese12Tommaso Trenti13Marianna Meschiari14Giovanni Guaraldi15Giovanni Guaraldi16Massimo Girardis17Massimo Girardis18Cristina Mussini19Cristina Mussini20Katarzyna Piwocka21Lara Gibellini22Andrea Cossarizza23Andrea Cossarizza24Sara De Biasi25Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, ItalyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, ItalyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, ItalyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, ItalyLaboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, ItalyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, ItalyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, ItalyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, ItalyInfectious Diseases Clinics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria (AOU) Policlinico di Modena, Modena, ItalyDepartment of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, ItalyDepartment of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria (AOU) Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, ItalyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale AUSL/AOU Policlinico, Modena, ItalyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale AUSL/AOU Policlinico, Modena, ItalyInfectious Diseases Clinics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria (AOU) Policlinico di Modena, Modena, ItalyInfectious Diseases Clinics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria (AOU) Policlinico di Modena, Modena, ItalyDepartment of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, ItalyDepartment of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, ItalyDepartment of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria (AOU) Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, ItalyInfectious Diseases Clinics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria (AOU) Policlinico di Modena, Modena, ItalyDepartment of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, ItalyLaboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, ItalyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, ItalyNational Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, ItalyThe formation of a robust long-term antigen (Ag)-specific memory, both humoral and cell-mediated, is created following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or vaccination. Here, by using polychromatic flow cytometry and complex data analyses, we deeply investigated the magnitude, phenotype, and functionality of SARS-CoV-2-specific immune memory in two groups of healthy subjects after heterologous vaccination compared to a group of subjects who recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection. We find that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recovered patients show different long-term immunological profiles compared to those of donors who had been vaccinated with three doses. Vaccinated individuals display a skewed T helper (Th)1 Ag-specific T cell polarization and a higher percentage of Ag-specific and activated memory B cells expressing immunoglobulin (Ig)G compared to those of patients who recovered from severe COVID-19. Different polyfunctional properties characterize the two groups: recovered individuals show higher percentages of CD4+ T cells producing one or two cytokines simultaneously, while the vaccinated are distinguished by highly polyfunctional populations able to release four molecules, namely, CD107a, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interleukin (IL)-2. These data suggest that functional and phenotypic properties of SARS-CoV-2 adaptive immunity differ in recovered COVID-19 individuals and vaccinated ones.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1123724/fullSARS-CoV-2antigen-specific responsepolyfunctionalityT cellsB cellscytokine |
| spellingShingle | Domenico Lo Tartaro Annamaria Paolini Marco Mattioli Julian Swatler Julian Swatler Anita Neroni Rebecca Borella Elena Santacroce Alessia Di Nella Licia Gozzi Stefano Busani Stefano Busani Michela Cuccorese Tommaso Trenti Marianna Meschiari Giovanni Guaraldi Giovanni Guaraldi Massimo Girardis Massimo Girardis Cristina Mussini Cristina Mussini Katarzyna Piwocka Lara Gibellini Andrea Cossarizza Andrea Cossarizza Sara De Biasi Detailed characterization of SARS-CoV-2-specific T and B cells after infection or heterologous vaccination Frontiers in Immunology SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific response polyfunctionality T cells B cells cytokine |
| title | Detailed characterization of SARS-CoV-2-specific T and B cells after infection or heterologous vaccination |
| title_full | Detailed characterization of SARS-CoV-2-specific T and B cells after infection or heterologous vaccination |
| title_fullStr | Detailed characterization of SARS-CoV-2-specific T and B cells after infection or heterologous vaccination |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detailed characterization of SARS-CoV-2-specific T and B cells after infection or heterologous vaccination |
| title_short | Detailed characterization of SARS-CoV-2-specific T and B cells after infection or heterologous vaccination |
| title_sort | detailed characterization of sars cov 2 specific t and b cells after infection or heterologous vaccination |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific response polyfunctionality T cells B cells cytokine |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1123724/full |
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