A Single Vaccination of Chimeric Bivalent Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Confers Protection Against H9N2 and H3N2 Avian Influenza in Commercial Broilers and Allows a Strategy of Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals
H9N2 and H3N2 are the two most important subtypes of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIV) because of their ongoing threat to the global poultry industry and public health. Although commercially available inactivated H9N2 vaccines are widely used in the affected countries, endemic H9N2 avia...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.902515/full |
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| author | Yi-xue Sun Yi-xue Sun Zheng-rong Li Peng-ju Zhang Jin-hong Han Hai-yang Di Jia-yi Qin Yan-long Cong |
| author_facet | Yi-xue Sun Yi-xue Sun Zheng-rong Li Peng-ju Zhang Jin-hong Han Hai-yang Di Jia-yi Qin Yan-long Cong |
| author_sort | Yi-xue Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | H9N2 and H3N2 are the two most important subtypes of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIV) because of their ongoing threat to the global poultry industry and public health. Although commercially available inactivated H9N2 vaccines are widely used in the affected countries, endemic H9N2 avian influenza remains uncontrolled. In addition, there is no available avian H3N2 vaccine. Influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) are one of the most promising vaccine alternatives to traditional egg-based vaccines. In this study, to increase the immunogenic content of VLPs to reduce production costs, we developed chimeric bivalent VLPs (cbVLPs) co-displaying hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) of H9N2 and H3N2 viruses with the Gag protein of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) as the inner core using the Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system. The results showed that a single immunization of chickens with 40μg/0.3mL cbVLPs elicited an effective immune response and provided complete protection against H9N2 and H3N2 viruses. More importantly, cbVLPs with accompanying serological assays can successfully accomplish the strategy of differentiating infected animals from vaccinated animals (DIVA), making virus surveillance easier. Therefore, this cbVLP vaccine candidate would be a promising alternative to conventional vaccines, showing great potential for commercial development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T14:34:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eefa3c794f47490b958192f78fa26a7a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T14:34:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-eefa3c794f47490b958192f78fa26a7a2022-12-22T02:43:05ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242022-07-011310.3389/fimmu.2022.902515902515A Single Vaccination of Chimeric Bivalent Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Confers Protection Against H9N2 and H3N2 Avian Influenza in Commercial Broilers and Allows a Strategy of Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated AnimalsYi-xue Sun0Yi-xue Sun1Zheng-rong Li2Peng-ju Zhang3Jin-hong Han4Hai-yang Di5Jia-yi Qin6Yan-long Cong7Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaJilin Research and Development Center of Biomedical Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun, ChinaLaboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaInstitute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, ChinaLaboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaDepartment of Disease Prevention and Control, Zoological and Botanical Garden of Changchun, Changchun, ChinaLaboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaLaboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaH9N2 and H3N2 are the two most important subtypes of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIV) because of their ongoing threat to the global poultry industry and public health. Although commercially available inactivated H9N2 vaccines are widely used in the affected countries, endemic H9N2 avian influenza remains uncontrolled. In addition, there is no available avian H3N2 vaccine. Influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) are one of the most promising vaccine alternatives to traditional egg-based vaccines. In this study, to increase the immunogenic content of VLPs to reduce production costs, we developed chimeric bivalent VLPs (cbVLPs) co-displaying hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) of H9N2 and H3N2 viruses with the Gag protein of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) as the inner core using the Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system. The results showed that a single immunization of chickens with 40μg/0.3mL cbVLPs elicited an effective immune response and provided complete protection against H9N2 and H3N2 viruses. More importantly, cbVLPs with accompanying serological assays can successfully accomplish the strategy of differentiating infected animals from vaccinated animals (DIVA), making virus surveillance easier. Therefore, this cbVLP vaccine candidate would be a promising alternative to conventional vaccines, showing great potential for commercial development.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.902515/fullinfluenza virusH9N2 and H3N2 subtypesVLPchimeric vaccineDIVA |
| spellingShingle | Yi-xue Sun Yi-xue Sun Zheng-rong Li Peng-ju Zhang Jin-hong Han Hai-yang Di Jia-yi Qin Yan-long Cong A Single Vaccination of Chimeric Bivalent Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Confers Protection Against H9N2 and H3N2 Avian Influenza in Commercial Broilers and Allows a Strategy of Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals Frontiers in Immunology influenza virus H9N2 and H3N2 subtypes VLP chimeric vaccine DIVA |
| title | A Single Vaccination of Chimeric Bivalent Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Confers Protection Against H9N2 and H3N2 Avian Influenza in Commercial Broilers and Allows a Strategy of Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals |
| title_full | A Single Vaccination of Chimeric Bivalent Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Confers Protection Against H9N2 and H3N2 Avian Influenza in Commercial Broilers and Allows a Strategy of Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals |
| title_fullStr | A Single Vaccination of Chimeric Bivalent Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Confers Protection Against H9N2 and H3N2 Avian Influenza in Commercial Broilers and Allows a Strategy of Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Single Vaccination of Chimeric Bivalent Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Confers Protection Against H9N2 and H3N2 Avian Influenza in Commercial Broilers and Allows a Strategy of Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals |
| title_short | A Single Vaccination of Chimeric Bivalent Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Confers Protection Against H9N2 and H3N2 Avian Influenza in Commercial Broilers and Allows a Strategy of Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals |
| title_sort | single vaccination of chimeric bivalent virus like particle vaccine confers protection against h9n2 and h3n2 avian influenza in commercial broilers and allows a strategy of differentiating infected from vaccinated animals |
| topic | influenza virus H9N2 and H3N2 subtypes VLP chimeric vaccine DIVA |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.902515/full |
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