Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Salinity Resistance of Three Durum Wheat Genotypes
The area of farming lands affected by increasing soil salinity is growing significantly worldwide. For this reason, breeding works are conducted to improve the salinity tolerance of important crop species. The goal of the present study was to indicate physiological or biochemical parameters characte...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| author | Jakub Pastuszak Michał Dziurka Marta Hornyák Anna Szczerba Przemysław Kopeć Agnieszka Płażek |
| author_facet | Jakub Pastuszak Michał Dziurka Marta Hornyák Anna Szczerba Przemysław Kopeć Agnieszka Płażek |
| author_sort | Jakub Pastuszak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The area of farming lands affected by increasing soil salinity is growing significantly worldwide. For this reason, breeding works are conducted to improve the salinity tolerance of important crop species. The goal of the present study was to indicate physiological or biochemical parameters characterizing three durum wheat accessions with various tolerance to salinity. The study was carried out on germinating seeds and mature plants of a Polish SMH87 line, an Australian cultivar ‘Tamaroi’ (salt-sensitive), and the BC<sub>5</sub>Nax<sub>2</sub> line (salt-tolerant) exposed to 0–150 mM NaCl. Germination parameters, electrolyte leakage (EL), and salt susceptibility index were determined in the germinating caryopses, whereas photosynthetic parameters, carbohydrate and phenolic content, antioxidant activity as well as yield were measured in fully developed plants. The parameters that most differentiated the examined accessions in the germination phase were the percentage of germinating seeds (PGS) and germination vigor (<i>Vi</i>). In the fully developed plants, parameters included whether the plants had the maximum efficiency of the water-splitting reaction on the donor side of photosystem II (PSII)–F<sub>v</sub>/F<sub>0</sub>, energy dissipation from PSII–DI<sub>o</sub>/CS<sub>m</sub>, and the content of photosynthetic pigments and hydrogen peroxide, which differentiated studied genotypes in terms of salinity tolerance degree. Salinity has a negative impact on grain yield by reducing the number of seeds per spike and the mass of one thousand seeds (MTS), which can be used as the most suitable parameter for determining tolerance to salinity stress. The most salt-tolerant BC<sub>5</sub>Nax<sub>2</sub> line was characterized by the highest PGS, and <i>Vi</i> for NaCl concentration of 100–150 mM, content of chlorophyll <i>a</i>, <i>b</i>, carotenoids, and also MTS at all applied salt concentrations as compared with the other accessions. The most salt-sensitive cv. ‘Tamaroi’ demonstrated higher H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentration which proves considerable oxidative damage caused by salinity stress. Mentioned parameters can be helpful for breeders in the selection of genotypes the most resistant to this stress. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:34:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ef2224f6be544077b1742de915243f39 |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:34:22Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-ef2224f6be544077b1742de915243f392023-11-30T22:26:58ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-07-012315839710.3390/ijms23158397Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Salinity Resistance of Three Durum Wheat GenotypesJakub Pastuszak0Michał Dziurka1Marta Hornyák2Anna Szczerba3Przemysław Kopeć4Agnieszka Płażek5Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, PolandThe Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, PolandWładysław Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, PolandDepartment of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, PolandThe Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, PolandDepartment of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, PolandThe area of farming lands affected by increasing soil salinity is growing significantly worldwide. For this reason, breeding works are conducted to improve the salinity tolerance of important crop species. The goal of the present study was to indicate physiological or biochemical parameters characterizing three durum wheat accessions with various tolerance to salinity. The study was carried out on germinating seeds and mature plants of a Polish SMH87 line, an Australian cultivar ‘Tamaroi’ (salt-sensitive), and the BC<sub>5</sub>Nax<sub>2</sub> line (salt-tolerant) exposed to 0–150 mM NaCl. Germination parameters, electrolyte leakage (EL), and salt susceptibility index were determined in the germinating caryopses, whereas photosynthetic parameters, carbohydrate and phenolic content, antioxidant activity as well as yield were measured in fully developed plants. The parameters that most differentiated the examined accessions in the germination phase were the percentage of germinating seeds (PGS) and germination vigor (<i>Vi</i>). In the fully developed plants, parameters included whether the plants had the maximum efficiency of the water-splitting reaction on the donor side of photosystem II (PSII)–F<sub>v</sub>/F<sub>0</sub>, energy dissipation from PSII–DI<sub>o</sub>/CS<sub>m</sub>, and the content of photosynthetic pigments and hydrogen peroxide, which differentiated studied genotypes in terms of salinity tolerance degree. Salinity has a negative impact on grain yield by reducing the number of seeds per spike and the mass of one thousand seeds (MTS), which can be used as the most suitable parameter for determining tolerance to salinity stress. The most salt-tolerant BC<sub>5</sub>Nax<sub>2</sub> line was characterized by the highest PGS, and <i>Vi</i> for NaCl concentration of 100–150 mM, content of chlorophyll <i>a</i>, <i>b</i>, carotenoids, and also MTS at all applied salt concentrations as compared with the other accessions. The most salt-sensitive cv. ‘Tamaroi’ demonstrated higher H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentration which proves considerable oxidative damage caused by salinity stress. Mentioned parameters can be helpful for breeders in the selection of genotypes the most resistant to this stress.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/15/8397antioxidant enzyme activitychlorophyll fluorescencedurum wheatgas exchangegermination vigorsalinity |
| spellingShingle | Jakub Pastuszak Michał Dziurka Marta Hornyák Anna Szczerba Przemysław Kopeć Agnieszka Płażek Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Salinity Resistance of Three Durum Wheat Genotypes International Journal of Molecular Sciences antioxidant enzyme activity chlorophyll fluorescence durum wheat gas exchange germination vigor salinity |
| title | Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Salinity Resistance of Three Durum Wheat Genotypes |
| title_full | Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Salinity Resistance of Three Durum Wheat Genotypes |
| title_fullStr | Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Salinity Resistance of Three Durum Wheat Genotypes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Salinity Resistance of Three Durum Wheat Genotypes |
| title_short | Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Salinity Resistance of Three Durum Wheat Genotypes |
| title_sort | physiological and biochemical parameters of salinity resistance of three durum wheat genotypes |
| topic | antioxidant enzyme activity chlorophyll fluorescence durum wheat gas exchange germination vigor salinity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/15/8397 |
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