Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Procyanidins on Parkinson’s Disease In Vivo and In Vitro
This research assessed the molecular mechanism of procyanidins (PCs) against neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP<sup>+</sup>) induced Parkinson’s disease (PD) models. In vitro, PC12 cells were incubated with P...
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/18/5558 |
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| author | Juan Chen Yixuan Chen Yangfan Zheng Jiawen Zhao Huilin Yu Jiajin Zhu Duo Li |
| author_facet | Juan Chen Yixuan Chen Yangfan Zheng Jiawen Zhao Huilin Yu Jiajin Zhu Duo Li |
| author_sort | Juan Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This research assessed the molecular mechanism of procyanidins (PCs) against neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP<sup>+</sup>) induced Parkinson’s disease (PD) models. In vitro, PC12 cells were incubated with PCs or deprenyl for 24 h, and then exposed to 1.5 mM MPP<sup>+</sup> for 24 h. In vivo, zebrafish larvae (AB strain) 3 days post-fertilization (dpf) were incubated with deprenyl or PCs in 400 μM MPTP for 4 days. Compared with MPP<sup>+</sup>/MPTP alone, PCs significantly improved antioxidant activities (e.g., glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)), and decreased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, PCs significantly increased nuclear Nrf2 accumulation in PC12 cells and raised the expression of NQO1, HO-1, GCLM, and GCLC in both PC12 cells and zebrafish compared to MPP<sup>+</sup>/MPTP alone. The current study shows that PCs have neuroprotective effects, activate the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway and alleviate oxidative damage in MPP<sup>+</sup>/MPTP-induced PD models. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:24:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f1123a8002274ec4bd89c8230e4394b1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:24:40Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-f1123a8002274ec4bd89c8230e4394b12023-11-22T14:24:54ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-09-012618555810.3390/molecules26185558Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Procyanidins on Parkinson’s Disease In Vivo and In VitroJuan Chen0Yixuan Chen1Yangfan Zheng2Jiawen Zhao3Huilin Yu4Jiajin Zhu5Duo Li6Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, ChinaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, ChinaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, ChinaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, ChinaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, ChinaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, ChinaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, ChinaThis research assessed the molecular mechanism of procyanidins (PCs) against neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP<sup>+</sup>) induced Parkinson’s disease (PD) models. In vitro, PC12 cells were incubated with PCs or deprenyl for 24 h, and then exposed to 1.5 mM MPP<sup>+</sup> for 24 h. In vivo, zebrafish larvae (AB strain) 3 days post-fertilization (dpf) were incubated with deprenyl or PCs in 400 μM MPTP for 4 days. Compared with MPP<sup>+</sup>/MPTP alone, PCs significantly improved antioxidant activities (e.g., glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)), and decreased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, PCs significantly increased nuclear Nrf2 accumulation in PC12 cells and raised the expression of NQO1, HO-1, GCLM, and GCLC in both PC12 cells and zebrafish compared to MPP<sup>+</sup>/MPTP alone. The current study shows that PCs have neuroprotective effects, activate the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway and alleviate oxidative damage in MPP<sup>+</sup>/MPTP-induced PD models.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/18/5558procyanidinsParkinson’s diseasePC12 cellszebrafishNrf2/ARE pathway |
| spellingShingle | Juan Chen Yixuan Chen Yangfan Zheng Jiawen Zhao Huilin Yu Jiajin Zhu Duo Li Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Procyanidins on Parkinson’s Disease In Vivo and In Vitro Molecules procyanidins Parkinson’s disease PC12 cells zebrafish Nrf2/ARE pathway |
| title | Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Procyanidins on Parkinson’s Disease In Vivo and In Vitro |
| title_full | Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Procyanidins on Parkinson’s Disease In Vivo and In Vitro |
| title_fullStr | Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Procyanidins on Parkinson’s Disease In Vivo and In Vitro |
| title_full_unstemmed | Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Procyanidins on Parkinson’s Disease In Vivo and In Vitro |
| title_short | Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Procyanidins on Parkinson’s Disease In Vivo and In Vitro |
| title_sort | protective effects and mechanisms of procyanidins on parkinson s disease in vivo and in vitro |
| topic | procyanidins Parkinson’s disease PC12 cells zebrafish Nrf2/ARE pathway |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/18/5558 |
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