The Organization and Function of the Phagophore-ER Membrane Contact Sites
Macroautophagy is characterized by the de novo formation of double-membrane vesicles termed autophagosomes. The precursor structure of autophagosomes is a membrane cistern called phagophore, which elongates through a massive acquisition of lipids until closure. The phagophore establishes membrane-co...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SAGE Publishing
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Contact |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1177/25152564231183898 |
| _version_ | 1797770994776014848 |
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| author | Prado Vargas Duarte Fulvio Reggiori |
| author_facet | Prado Vargas Duarte Fulvio Reggiori |
| author_sort | Prado Vargas Duarte |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Macroautophagy is characterized by the de novo formation of double-membrane vesicles termed autophagosomes. The precursor structure of autophagosomes is a membrane cistern called phagophore, which elongates through a massive acquisition of lipids until closure. The phagophore establishes membrane-contact sites (MCSs) with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where conserved ATG proteins belonging to the ATG9 lipid scramblase, ATG2 lipid transfer and Atg18/WIPI4 β-propeller families concentrate. Several recent in vivo and in vitro studies have uncovered the relevance of these proteins and MCSs in the lipid supply required for autophagosome formation. Although important conceptual advances have been reached, the functional interrelationship between ATG9, ATG2 and Atg18/WIPI4 proteins at the phagophore-ER MCSs and their role in the phagophore expansion are not completely understood. In this review, we describe the current knowledge about the structure, interactions, localizations, and molecular functions of these proteins, with a particular emphasis on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and mammalian systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T21:30:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f142a00efdb24e34a01e2f17da71f7ce |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2515-2564 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T21:30:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | SAGE Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Contact |
| spelling | doaj.art-f142a00efdb24e34a01e2f17da71f7ce2023-07-27T22:33:26ZengSAGE PublishingContact2515-25642023-07-01610.1177/25152564231183898The Organization and Function of the Phagophore-ER Membrane Contact SitesPrado Vargas Duarte0Fulvio Reggiori1 Department of Biomedicine, , Aarhus C, Denmark Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), , Aarhus C, DenmarkMacroautophagy is characterized by the de novo formation of double-membrane vesicles termed autophagosomes. The precursor structure of autophagosomes is a membrane cistern called phagophore, which elongates through a massive acquisition of lipids until closure. The phagophore establishes membrane-contact sites (MCSs) with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where conserved ATG proteins belonging to the ATG9 lipid scramblase, ATG2 lipid transfer and Atg18/WIPI4 β-propeller families concentrate. Several recent in vivo and in vitro studies have uncovered the relevance of these proteins and MCSs in the lipid supply required for autophagosome formation. Although important conceptual advances have been reached, the functional interrelationship between ATG9, ATG2 and Atg18/WIPI4 proteins at the phagophore-ER MCSs and their role in the phagophore expansion are not completely understood. In this review, we describe the current knowledge about the structure, interactions, localizations, and molecular functions of these proteins, with a particular emphasis on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and mammalian systems.https://doi.org/10.1177/25152564231183898 |
| spellingShingle | Prado Vargas Duarte Fulvio Reggiori The Organization and Function of the Phagophore-ER Membrane Contact Sites Contact |
| title | The Organization and Function of the Phagophore-ER Membrane Contact Sites |
| title_full | The Organization and Function of the Phagophore-ER Membrane Contact Sites |
| title_fullStr | The Organization and Function of the Phagophore-ER Membrane Contact Sites |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Organization and Function of the Phagophore-ER Membrane Contact Sites |
| title_short | The Organization and Function of the Phagophore-ER Membrane Contact Sites |
| title_sort | organization and function of the phagophore er membrane contact sites |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1177/25152564231183898 |
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