Characterization of the First Animal Toxin Acting as an Antagonist on AT1 Receptor
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is one of the main regulatory systems of cardiovascular homeostasis. It is mainly composed of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II receptors AT1 and AT2. ACE and AT1 are targets of choice for the treatment of hypertension, whereas the AT2 receptor...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/2330 |
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| author | Anne-Cécile Van Baelen Xavier Iturrioz Marion Chaigneau Pascal Kessler Catherine Llorens-Cortes Denis Servent Nicolas Gilles Philippe Robin |
| author_facet | Anne-Cécile Van Baelen Xavier Iturrioz Marion Chaigneau Pascal Kessler Catherine Llorens-Cortes Denis Servent Nicolas Gilles Philippe Robin |
| author_sort | Anne-Cécile Van Baelen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is one of the main regulatory systems of cardiovascular homeostasis. It is mainly composed of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II receptors AT1 and AT2. ACE and AT1 are targets of choice for the treatment of hypertension, whereas the AT2 receptor is still not exploited due to the lack of knowledge of its physiological properties. Peptide toxins from venoms display multiple biological functions associated with varied chemical and structural properties. If Brazilian viper toxins have been described to inhibit ACE, no animal toxin is known to act on AT1/AT2 receptors. We screened a library of toxins on angiotensin II receptors with a radioligand competition binding assay. Functional characterization of the selected toxin was conducted by measuring second messenger production, G-protein activation and β-arrestin 2 recruitment using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) based biosensors. We identified one original toxin, A-CTX-cMila, which is a 7-residues cyclic peptide from <i>Conus miliaris</i> with no homology sequence with known angiotensin peptides nor identified toxins, displaying a 100-fold selectivity for AT1 over AT2. This toxin shows a competitive antagonism mode of action on AT1, blocking Gαq, Gαi3, GαoA, β-arrestin 2 pathways and ERK<sub>1/2</sub> activation. These results describe the first animal toxin active on angiotensin II receptors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:42:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f36726fc73e648369fb9448908d3a905 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:42:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-f36726fc73e648369fb9448908d3a9052023-11-16T16:55:42ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-01-01243233010.3390/ijms24032330Characterization of the First Animal Toxin Acting as an Antagonist on AT1 ReceptorAnne-Cécile Van Baelen0Xavier Iturrioz1Marion Chaigneau2Pascal Kessler3Catherine Llorens-Cortes4Denis Servent5Nicolas Gilles6Philippe Robin7Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceDépartement Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceDépartement Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceDépartement Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceDépartement Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceDépartement Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceDépartement Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceDépartement Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceThe renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is one of the main regulatory systems of cardiovascular homeostasis. It is mainly composed of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II receptors AT1 and AT2. ACE and AT1 are targets of choice for the treatment of hypertension, whereas the AT2 receptor is still not exploited due to the lack of knowledge of its physiological properties. Peptide toxins from venoms display multiple biological functions associated with varied chemical and structural properties. If Brazilian viper toxins have been described to inhibit ACE, no animal toxin is known to act on AT1/AT2 receptors. We screened a library of toxins on angiotensin II receptors with a radioligand competition binding assay. Functional characterization of the selected toxin was conducted by measuring second messenger production, G-protein activation and β-arrestin 2 recruitment using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) based biosensors. We identified one original toxin, A-CTX-cMila, which is a 7-residues cyclic peptide from <i>Conus miliaris</i> with no homology sequence with known angiotensin peptides nor identified toxins, displaying a 100-fold selectivity for AT1 over AT2. This toxin shows a competitive antagonism mode of action on AT1, blocking Gαq, Gαi3, GαoA, β-arrestin 2 pathways and ERK<sub>1/2</sub> activation. These results describe the first animal toxin active on angiotensin II receptors.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/2330conotoxinangiotensinAT1GPCR<i>Conus miliaris</i> |
| spellingShingle | Anne-Cécile Van Baelen Xavier Iturrioz Marion Chaigneau Pascal Kessler Catherine Llorens-Cortes Denis Servent Nicolas Gilles Philippe Robin Characterization of the First Animal Toxin Acting as an Antagonist on AT1 Receptor International Journal of Molecular Sciences conotoxin angiotensin AT1 GPCR <i>Conus miliaris</i> |
| title | Characterization of the First Animal Toxin Acting as an Antagonist on AT1 Receptor |
| title_full | Characterization of the First Animal Toxin Acting as an Antagonist on AT1 Receptor |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of the First Animal Toxin Acting as an Antagonist on AT1 Receptor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of the First Animal Toxin Acting as an Antagonist on AT1 Receptor |
| title_short | Characterization of the First Animal Toxin Acting as an Antagonist on AT1 Receptor |
| title_sort | characterization of the first animal toxin acting as an antagonist on at1 receptor |
| topic | conotoxin angiotensin AT1 GPCR <i>Conus miliaris</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/2330 |
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