Beta-Blockers and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Heart Failure
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in the failing myocardium, and ROS cause hypertrophy, apoptosis/cell death and intracellular Ca2+ overload in cardiac myocytes. ROS also cause damage to lipid cell membranes in the p...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2011-08-01
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Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/4/8/1088/ |