| Summary: | Considering the lack of a harmonized approach to labor law, the Member States are still the key actors with relatively independent standpoints and traditions in the employment law sphere. Critical aspects of labor law are excluded from the regulatory competences in the social chapter of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (“TFEU”). This implies that legal conditions in this field of law remain quite different and labor requirements are heavily dependent on national law. Nevertheless, European Union’s (“EU”) intervention in employment matters has strongly increased in the last years, but since, as a rule, labor law cannot be legislated at European level by Regulations, Member States are reluctant to implement many of the prevailing legal guidelines and the provisions of the directives are not necessarily transposed in an efficient, coordinated, and timely manner.
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